🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Áspero Archaeological Site (Fishing Town of Caral)
Late Archaic 3000–2500 BCE · Norte Chico (Caral maritime)
Coastal port six pyramids, fish-for-cotton, 3000–2500 BCE.
✓VerifiedUNESCO
Search places, or jump to a section
CategoriesAncient cities
Capitals, ports and metropolises that rose, fell and were found again.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mature Harappan 2650–2100 BCE (with Early/Late phases 3500–1800 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Harappan metropolis (2650–2100 BCE) on Khadir island in Great Rann of Kutch, the fifth largest Harappan site covering 100 ha with citadel, middle and lower towns and monumental water management.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Late Archaic 3000–2500 BCE · Norte Chico (Caral maritime)
Coastal port six pyramids, fish-for-cotton, 3000–2500 BCE.
🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Archaic to Hellenistic (651–250 BCE) · Megarian colonial Greek
Selinunte Acropolis Temples — Sicily in Sicily, Greece is a Archaic to Hellenistic (651–250 BCE) temple-complex attributed to Megarian colonial Greek.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Isin-Larsa (2025–1763 BCE) · Sumerian/Amorite
Larsa — Tell Senkereh South Mound in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern plain, Iraq is a Isin-Larsa (2025–1763 BCE) ancient city attributed to Sumerian/Amorite culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Inca Imperial (1420–1536 CE; Tupac Inca Yupanqui) · Inca (Topa Inca)
Choquequirao explored by Bingham 1909 and García 1993–, llama terraces unique, Apurímac canyon 1500 m drop.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) · Hellenistic–Roman (Aphrodisias)
Aphrodisias North Agora Pylon — Extension in Aydın Province, Turkey is a Hellenistic to Byzantine (300 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Hellenistic–Roman (Aphrodisias).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Phrygian to Persian (900–330 BCE) · Phrygian (Midas)
Gordion — Phrygian Outer Lower Town East in Ankara Province, Turkey is a Phrygian to Persian (900–330 BCE) ancient-city attributed to Phrygian (Midas).
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Parthian Arsacid 3rd c BCE–3rd c CE (peak 1st c BCE–1st c CE) · Parthian / Arsacid
Parthian ceremonial and administrative capital (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) of two tells: Old Nisa (Mithridatkert fortress 14 ha with 43 towers, wine rhytons and ivory rhytons inscribed Arsacid) and New Nisa…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Epiclassic 650–900 CE · Epiclassic central Mexican
Fortified hilltop Pyramid of Plumed Serpents, zenith cave, UNESCO 1999.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
EBA (3500–1600 BCE archive 2500 BCE) · Eblaite
Ebla — Tell Mardikh South Palace in Idlib Governorate, plain, Syria is a EBA (3500–1600 BCE archive 2500 BCE) ancient city attributed to Eblaite culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Chachapoya 800–1532 CE · Chachapoya
Chachapoya cloud-forest citadel slate-mosaic friezes, UNESCO 548.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Late Archaic 3550–2500 BCE · Norte Chico (Caral)
Caral network city 54 ha 3550–2500 BCE, 10 plazas.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Middle Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic (c.250 ka–3500 BCE) · Mousterian → Aurignacian → Kebaran → Natufian → Chalcolithic
Multi-period cave (6 m deposits) above the Hayonim terrace, excavated by Tamar Noy and Anna Belfer-Cohen. Sequence Moust...
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Bronze to Islamic (c.3000 BCE–1400 CE; Mittani–Assyrian peak) · Early Jazira → Mittani → Neo-Assyrian → Islamic (Tunainir)
30-ha multiperiod tell at Jaghjagh–Khabur confluence with EB–Islamic continuity, Mittani–Assyrian town and casemate wall by magnetometry (Lyonnet). Nodal market...
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Classic Teotihuacan (300–550 CE) · Teotihuacan
Yayahuala Compound — Teotihuacan in Mexico State, Mexico is a Classic Teotihuacan (300–550 CE) ancient-city attributed to Teotihuacan.
🇮🇳 India · Submerged site
Late Harappan to Historical (maybe 1500 BCE onward; claimed 3500 BCE) · Harappan(?) / Historical Hindu
Ancient sacred city of Krishna described in Mahabharata, being searched offshore Bet Dwarka and Gulf of Khambhat.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Archaic to Roman (600 BCE – 5th c. CE) · Samian Greek / Ionian
Verified – Samos Heraion sacred mole 480 m at 2 m off Ireon, Hera sanctuary harbour. Polycrates 530 BCE mole, Herodotus 3.60 Samian harbour wonders. Excavated Kyrieleis 1960s German.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ionian to Byzantine · Ionian Greek / Roman
Ephesus (Efes) in Izmir Province, Turkey is a Ionian to Byzantine ancient city attributed to Ionian Greek / Roman culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1018).
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Inca Late Horizon to Colonial legend (1532–1600s) · Inca / Spanish colonial
Inca refuge city east of Andes — Spanish 1600s to modern satellite hunt found no grid Recorded context — Period: Inca Late Horizon to Colonial legend (1532–1600s); Culture: Inca / Spanish colonial;…
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Claimed 1539 forest resource not city · Spanish resource / Omagua
Gonzalo Pizarro 1539 cinnamon forest east of Andes — sparse not city, triggers Amazon descent Recorded context — Period: Claimed 1539 forest resource not city; Culture: Spanish resource / Omagua;…
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Songhai-Kebbi to Sokoto (1515–1831) · Kebbi / Songhai / Fulani
Kebbi Empire capital (1515) with 9 km walls and Kanta palace mound.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Fortress
Numidian to Byzantine (2nd c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman (Cirtan)
Cirtan confederation castellum with 14-towered walls and oil presses.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Classical · Classical
Classical ancient-city at Haryana.
