✦Battlefields

🇸🇾 Syria · Tell

Tell Hamoukar — Battle Collapse Burn Layer

Late Chalcolithic (4500–3500 BCE) + Early Bronze · Late Chalcolithic Jazira (Hamoukar) → Southern Uruk intrusion

Hamoukar excavated by Gibson & Reichel 1999–, earliest urban battle c.3500 BCE, sling bullets and southern Uruk colony.