🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Gol Mod 2 Xiongnu Royal Necropolis
Early Iron Age, Xiongnu (Hunnu) Empire period · Xiongnu (Hunnu) imperial confederacy
80×80 m trapezoidal Xiongnu royal mausoleum (1st c. BCE) with Han lacquer and 400 satellite shaft tombs.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Duurlig Nars Xiongnu Cemetery – Khentii
Late Iron Age, Xiongnu Empire · Xiongnu (Hunnu) northern imperial elite
Xiongnu elite shaft tombs in Khentii pine forest—Han silk 'Chanyu servant' inscription and lapis 4,000 km trade chain.
🇩🇰 Denmark · Megalith
Jelling Stones
Viking Age (Jelling dynasty) · Viking Age Danes / Jelling dynasty
UNESCO Viking royal complex at Jelling — two mounds, Gorm and Harald Bluetooth runestones (965 CE) and ship outline.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Novosvobodnaya (Maïkop Dolmens)
Early Bronze Age; Late Maikop → Novosvobodnaya → Dolmen culture · Maikop → Novosvobodnaya (dolmen phase) → Yamnaya fringe
Late Maïkop–Novosvobodnaya dolmen kurgans (3300–2600 BCE) under kurgan mounds — 5 m slab dolmen with Mesopotamian cylinder seal, bridging Maïkop elite to Yamnaya.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Archaeological wonder
Berel Kurgans
Scythian Pazyryk phase (~400–250 BCE) · Saka/Pazyryk (East Kazakh nomadic)
Seventy burial mounds in the Bukhtarma valley of the Altai where Canadian–Kazakh teams uncovered horse sacrifices wearing antlered ibex-horn masks transforming them into griffins.