🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Udayagiri Caves
Gupta Classical (Chandragupta II to Kumaragupta) 320–550 CE · Gupta
Gupta’s open-air bible — 20 sandstone caves with Varaha (402 CE) and Durga, Chandragupta II's inscriptions on Udayagiri Hill.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Aihole Cave Temples — Badami Chalukya Experiments
Badami Chalukya (543–753 CE) · Badami Chalukya Shaiva (Nataraja) and Jain; Pulakeshin II
Chalukya lab 540–745: Ravanaphadi 6th c. earliest Nataraja cave and 125 structural trials with 634 CE Ravikirti Meguti stone.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Chacmultún — Puuc Twin Pyramid Cave Mouth
Late Classic Puuc (700–900 CE) + cave use 200 CE · Maya Puuc (Uxmal sphere) and cave paint Chac cult
Chacmultún excavated by Thompson and Andrews, cave rain cult.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Undavalli Caves — Vijayawada–Guntur Rock-Cut
Vishnukundina–Pallava (5th–7th c.) · Vishnukundina (Andhra) Shaiva–Vaishnava with later Jain (Digambara) overlay
Krishna River 4-tier 70-m Vishnukundina monolith 5th c. with 5-m Ananthasayana Vishnu and Jain overlay, Pallava forerunner.
🇰🇷 South Korea · Temple complex
Seokguram Grotto & Bulguksa Temple
Silla Unified · Silla (Kim Dae-seong)
Seokguram Grotto & Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea is a Silla Unified temple complex attributed to Silla (Kim Dae-seong) culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 736).