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CategoriesEarthworks
Mounds, henges, enclosures and effigies built from earth.
🇵🇪 Peru · Earthwork
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Classical
Maranhao Hydraulic Fish Trap West in Nazca, Peru is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) earthwork attributed to Classical culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Middle Woodland Hopewell 100 BCE–500 CE · Hopewell tradition
Hopewell ceremonial village on Ohio/Wabash, 100 BCE–400 CE.
🇦🇺 Australia · Geoglyph
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Nazca Trapezoid Extension East in Pilbara, Australia is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) geoglyph attributed to Classical culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mississippian / Nodena phase 1000–1541 CE · Mississippian Nodena
Moat-walled Mississippian Casqui town visited by de Soto 1541.
🇮🇳 India · Earthwork
Late Harappan to Early Historic (1900 BCE–300 BCE) · Late Harappan / Kangra early
Dehra Gopipur Terrace — Kangra Valley in Himachal Pradesh, India is a Late Harappan to Early Historic (1900 BCE–300 BCE) earthwork attributed to Late Harappan / Kangra early.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Late Iron Age / Yoruba (Ijebu) · Ijebu Yoruba (Oloye Bilikisu Sungbo tradition)
Largest single monument in Africa: 160 km curvilinear ditch-and-bank snaking 20 m deep through rainforest around medieval Ijebu kingdom (800–1000 CE, Darling charcoal).
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Late Archaic 1700–1100 BCE (peak 1500–1200 BCE) · Poverty Point culture
Late Archaic earthwork complex (1700–1100 BCE) with six concentric C-shaped ridges (1.2 km outer diameter) and six mounds, including 22 m-high Mound A – one of largest Archaic earthworks in North…
🇨🇳 China · Archaeological wonder
Warring States to Han Dynasty 7th c BCE – 220 CE (early segments); Ming 1368–1644 (classic brick) · Han Chinese (Qin, Han dynasties)
World's longest wall system (21,196 km including branches) with earliest rammed-earth frontier walls from Warring States and Han (7th c BCE–2nd c CE) preserved in Gansu corridor (Han Dunhuang walls),…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Early Woodland Adena to Early Hopewell transition · Adena
Adena conical mound (20 ft/6 m high, 100 ft/30 m diameter) preserved in Campbell Park, Columbus — one of few surviving mounds in Ohio's capital city.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Iron Age (200 BCE–100 CE) · Ordovices
Mountain-top hut-village hillfort on Yr Eifl summit, intact curtain wall to chest height, excavated 1906/1956, views to Snowdonia and Ireland.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Neolithic (3650–3000 BCE) · Early Neolithic / Peterborough
Avebury's northern causewayed camp excavated by Keiller 1925–29, 3650 BCE basal layer with Ebbsfleet ceramics.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Hopewell Middle Woodland 100–400 CE · Hopewell tradition
Circle-octagon pair 320 m circle, UNESCO 2023.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Hopewell Middle Woodland 100–400 CE · Hopewell tradition
14.6 ha hilltop enclosure 2.4 km wall, 33 gateways.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mississippian 1000–1350 CE · Mississippian (Wickliffe phase)
Eight-mound Mississippian town 1000–1350 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Deptford–Hopewell–Weeden Island 500 BCE–1000 CE · Deptford / Hopewell Gulf Coast
Six mounds 500 BCE–1000 CE with Hopewell copper and stelae.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Marksville 0–400 CE · Marksville culture
Semicircular enclosure 530 m wall, Marksville Southern Hopewell 0–400 CE.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Pyramid
Quitu-Cara / Integration Period · Caranqui / Quitu
15 earthen truncated pyramids with ramps, 10–20 m high, built by Quitu-Cara (Caranqui) people astride equatorial line, aligning to volcanoes Cayambe and Cotacachi with solar/astronomical purpose.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Swift Creek–Weeden Island 350–750 CE · Swift Creek – Weeden Island
Woodland Mound A 17 m, Swift Creek 350–750 CE.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient village
Kanem-Bornu to Kano (13th–18th c.) · Kanuri / Hausa
Paired frontier hills with 3 km refuge walls and indigo pits (50).
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mississippian 1000–1450 CE · Mississippian (Angel phase)
42 ha Mississippian walled town 1000–1450 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Hopewell 100–500 CE · Hopewell tradition
Effigy mound with 136 portrait pipes, Hopewell 100–300 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Pee Dee Mississippian 1150–1400 CE · Pee Dee culture
Pee Dee Mississippian platform mound 1150–1400 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Mississippian 1000–1250 CE · Mississippian (Cahokian)
Northernmost Mississippian walled town 1000–1250 CE.
