🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Jebel Aruda
Late Uruk (LC5) · Uruk colony cult centre
Uruk hill-citadel (c.3500–3300 BCE) perched 160 m above Euphrates on limestone jebel opposite Habuba — sacred twin controlling Uruk colony from above.
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CategoriesHilltop cities
Every place in the atlas labelled hilltop cities.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Late Ife to Yoruba Oyo-Benin (1100–1928) · Yoruba Idanre (Udane)
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Integration (800–1532 CE) · Manteño (Manta) culture
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Postclassic (1250–1528 CE) · Purépecha
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Chachapoya late (1300–1470 CE) · Chachapoya later Inca fringe
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Late Uruk (LC5) · Uruk colony cult centre
Uruk hill-citadel (c.3500–3300 BCE) perched 160 m above Euphrates on limestone jebel opposite Habuba — sacred twin controlling Uruk colony from above.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Postclassic (1250–1528 CE) · Purépecha
Queréndaro Acropolis — Zacapu in Michoacán, Mexico is a Postclassic (1250–1528 CE) ancient-city attributed to Purépecha. Mesa-top fortified city Malpaís of Zacapu with 20 pyramids on lava badlands.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Ancient city
Late Ife to Yoruba Oyo-Benin (1100–1928) · Yoruba Idanre (Udane)
Idanre Hills (Oke Idanre) is the hilltop abandoned Yoruba city 680 m above sea on Inselberg 3 km N of Idanre town, occupied 11th–1928 c.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Integration (800–1532 CE) · Manteño (Manta) culture
San Isidro — Muisne? Actually Cerro Jaboncillo — Manteño City in Manabí Province, Ecuador is a Integration (800–1532 CE) ancient-city attributed to Manteño (Manta) culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Chachapoya late (1300–1470 CE) · Chachapoya later Inca fringe
Abiseo Gran Pajatén discovered by Savoy 1963, excavated 1985, mosaic fretwork with human heads, UNESCO 1990 Rio Abiseo.