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CategoriesMounds
Platform and burial mounds of the Americas and beyond.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Iron IIB–C (c.700–600 BCE) · Edomite (with Judean/ Arabian influence)
Iron II Edomite open-air shrine (c.700–600 BCE) on a hilltop in the Negev, excavated by Itzhaq Beit-Arieh. Single-phase...
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Late Napatan to Early Meroitic, c.350–300 BCE · Kushite
South Cemetery pyramid Beg. S.10 (c.350–300 BCE) for Queen (?) Amanislo fragment? 12 m base, heavily eroded sandstone pyramid with mudbrick chapel forecourt.
🇰🇪 Kenya · Earthwork
Swahili–Pokomo (10th–16th c. CE) · Pokomo–Swahili
Monamalala — Tana Delta Mound (Gelegole remnant?) in Tana River County, Kenya is a Swahili–Pokomo (10th–16th c. CE) earthwork attributed to Pokomo–Swahili.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic (c.6000–4300 BCE) · Qazvin Plain Chalcolithic → Sialk I–II related
Chalcolithic painted-ware village (4 ha) on the Qazvin plain, excavated by Negahban and Malek Shahmirzadi. Late Neolithi...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Iron I–II (c.1200–600 BCE) · Israelite/Judahite → Assyrian Negev administration
Stratified Iron Age desert fortress (65 × 55 m) at the oasis spring Ain el-Qudeirat, identified with biblical Kadesh-Bar...
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Late Chalcolithic to EBA (c.4000–2900 BCE) · Sialk III–IV → Uruk-related → Early Bronze Central Plateau
Chalcolithic double-mound (5 ha) on the Qazvin plain, excavated by E.O. Negahban and later Tehran University. Sequence L...
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
MB II (c.2000–1600 BCE) · Canaanite MB II coastal → Phoenician
Small Middle Bronze II fortified town (1.6 ha) on a coastal hill south of Sidon, Lebanese-German excavations by Uwe Fink...
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Tell
Neolithic to Crusader (c.6000 BCE–1300 CE; peak EB–Iron) · Halaf → EBA Levantine → Amorite → Egyptian–Canaanite → Phoenician → Crusader
Coastal plain tell near the Akkar river, French-Lebanese excavations by Jean-Paul Thalmann since 1978. Continuous Neolit...
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Napatan to Early Meroitic, c.700–300 BCE · Kushite
Napatan queen's pyramid ST1 in Sector II at Sedeinga (c.700–600 BCE), 13 m base, part of 200+ pyramid cemetery stretching 4 km.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Median (c.750–550 BCE) · Median
Median period fire-temple complex (3 ha) on a low hill near Malayer, excavated by David Stronach. Median levels (c.750–5...
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EB IV to Iron I (c.2400–1000 BCE) · Eblaite → Amorite → Mitanni → Hittite/Emar → Aramaean
Euphrates terrace tell now peninsula in Tabqa Lake, excavated by Rudolph Dornemann; Emar texts identify it as Azu on the...
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EB IV to MB II (c.2500–1700 BCE) · Eblaite → Amorite → Old Babylonian
28 ha Ebla-period town on the Matakh plain south of Aleppo, Italian excavations by Francesca Baffi. EB IV–MB II (c.2500–...
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 6th Dynasty, c.2325 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Small queens pyramid recorded by Leclant mission south of Pepi I field for Nedjeftet (variant Wadjebten-related name, wife of Pepi I). 20 m base, unpublished Lauer sketches.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Pyramid
Old Kingdom, 6th Dynasty, Merenre I, c.2287–2278 BCE · Ancient Egyptian
Cult pyramid SE of Merenre Nemtyemsaf I pyramid (c.2283 BCE, 6th Dynasty) at South Saqqara. 15.7 m base, limestone, SE corner of enclosure, matching Pepi I pattern.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Bronze to Iron Age (c.1500–300 BCE) · Late Bronze Ugaritic → Iron Phoenician
Lagoon harbour tell (1500–300 BCE) between Latakia and Jableh — now 2 km inland.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Meroitic, early, c.300–250 BCE · Kushite (Meroitic)
North Cemetery pyramid Beg. N.19 for King Nasakhma (c.300–250 BCE), elderly ruler, 16.8 m base, steep sandstone pyramid. Reisner Harvard-Boston 1921 cleared chapel with offering table looted.
🇮🇳 India · Tell
Chalcolithic Ahar (3000–1500 BCE) · Ahar culture
Ojiyana — Banas Mound Hamlet in Rajasthan, India is a Chalcolithic Ahar (3000–1500 BCE) tell attributed to Ahar culture. Small Ahar mound 3 m with white-painted Ahar pottery and microliths.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Neolithic-Chalcolithic (c.6000-3500 BCE) · Kırklareli–Karanovo to Gumelnița-Karanovo VI
Toptepe — buried neolithic-chalcolithic tell/village at Kırklareli Province.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Uruk/Jemdet Nasr (c.3500–3000 BCE) · South Mesopotamian Uruk colonial
Classic Late Uruk colony (c.3500–3000 BCE) on the Euphrates, 18 ha walled town with tripartite temples, administrative t...
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Late Neolithic · Late Neolithic Wessex
Largest prehistoric artificial mound in Europe (c. 2400 BCE), 39.3 m high conical chalk mound in Avebury World Heritage Site.
🇳🇱 Netherlands · Ancient village
Middle to Late Neolithic · Hazendonk Group / Vlaardingen
Neolithic river dune (donk) settlement Hazendonk (c. 4000–2000 BCE) on Rhine-Meuse levee, type-site for Hazendonk Group pottery.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Middle Bronze to Byzantine (c.1800 BCE–600 CE) · MBA Canaanite → Late Bronze coastal → Iron → Hellenistic
Jableh plain farming tell (1800 BCE–600 CE) with Hellenistic amphora kiln north of Jableh.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Ubaid to Ninevite 5 (c.5000–2800 BCE) · Ubaid → Late Chalcolithic Uruk-related → Ninevite 5
Ubaid–Late Chalcolithic tell on the Wadi Khanzir, Russian-Syrian excavations by Rauf Munchaev. Spectacular Ubaid painted...
🇬🇷 Greece · Tell
Early to Middle Neolithic · Sesklo Culture
Classic Early to Middle Neolithic tell (c. 6000–4800 BCE) near Volos, type-site of Sesklo culture with early painted pottery, megaron-like houses and fortification wall.
