🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Gol Mod 2 Xiongnu Royal Necropolis
Early Iron Age, Xiongnu (Hunnu) Empire period · Xiongnu (Hunnu) imperial confederacy
80×80 m trapezoidal Xiongnu royal mausoleum (1st c. BCE) with Han lacquer and 400 satellite shaft tombs.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Noin-Ula Kurgans
Xiongnu Empire (~200 BCE – 100 CE) · Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu nomadic empire)
Forested ridge north of Ulaanbaatar concealing over 200 deep shaft-tombs (6–18 m deep) of the Xiongnu steppe empire that confronted Han China.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Karakol Kurgans
Early Bronze Age, Karakol culture 2500-1800 BCE · Karakol culture (Altai Early Bronze)
Early Bronze stone-slab cist kurgans (2500-1800 BCE) at Karakol with tri-color polychrome slab paintings, pre-Pazyryk Altai.
🇳🇴 Norway · Tumulus
Oseberg Ship Burial – Vestfold Viking Grave
Viking Age (Merovingian to Viking) · Viking Norse (Yngling dynasty)
21.6-m Viking karvi burial (834 CE) under 44-m mound — richest preserved Viking wooden burial.
🇷🇺 Russia · Tumulus
Tagar Kurgans – Minusinsk Basin
Early Iron Age (Tagar, Scythian-type) · Tagar (Scythian-Siberian)
Thousand-strong Tagar kurgan field (800 BCE–100 CE) — Khakas-Minusinsk Scythian-Style horizon.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Khirigsuur Burial Complexes
Late Bronze Age (~1400–700 BCE) · Khirigsuur culture (Mongolian pastoralist)
Mounded circular stone platforms 2–20 m diameter surrounded by rectangular or polygonal enclosures with four cardinal knolls, often associated with deer stones and slab burials.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Chilikty Royal Kurgan
Early Iron Age, Early Saka / Arzhan-Chemurchek transition · Early Saka (Sakae) pastoralists
730 BCE Early Saka royal kurgan (100 m) with 500+ gold appliques and 17 horses, earliest monumental Saka tomb in East Kazakhstan.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Karaoba Kurgan Field (West Kazakhstan Sarmatian Steppe)
Early to Middle Sarmatian to Parthian · Western Sarmatian (Aorsian–Alan fringe)
Salt-dome kurgan field 88 km east of Oral: 23 stepped mounds around Permian diapir with Parthian coin.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Kitora Tumulus
Asuka Late 645–710 CE → Nara 710–784 · Yamato–Asuka (Chinese Kaiyuan–Korean star lore)
Asuka round tomb (700 CE) at Kitora south Asuka — 13.8 m with 28-zodiac astronomical ceiling and four gods National Treasure murals.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Tumulus
Harla Necropolis Cairn Field East Sector — Eastern Outlier
Medieval (800-1500 CE) · Harla
Harla Necropolis Cairn Field East Sector — Eastern Outlier in Harari, Harar, Ethiopia is a Medieval (800-1500 CE) tumulus attributed to Harla.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Nara
Kofun Late Asuka 7th–8th c CE · Asuka court elite — naturalistic procession mural
Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Nara — 7th–8th c CE decorated kofun (stone chamber 2.65×1.0×1.13 m) on Asuka hill 500 m north Kitora, famous 1972 National Treasure discovery of Asuka court murals: west wall…
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Daisenryo Kofun (Nintoku's Tomb)
Middle Kofun 5th c CE (Yamato apex) · Yamato middle Kofun (Mozu group)
Daisenryo Kofun — largest kofun in Japan (486 m long, 35 m high) and one of world's largest tombs (equal Great Pyramid footprint), built mid 5th c CE (c.425–475) for Emperor Nintoku per tradition, on…
🇷🇺 Russia · Archaeological wonder
Pazyryk Kurgans
Scythian Iron Age (~600–250 BCE; main Pazyryk phase 300 BCE) · Pazyryk (Scythian/Altaic nomadic)
Five large larch-log chamber tombs in the dry Ukok and Ulagan valleys where permafrost preserved tattooed chieftains, silk from China, Persian pile carpets (the oldest extant, 5th century BCE) and 10…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Tovsta Mohyla (Tolstaya Mogila) — Royal Scythian Pectoral Kurgan, Pokrov (Ordzhonikidze)
Scythian Late Classical (4th c BCE) · Pontic Scythian (Scythian–Bosporan elite, 4th c BCE)
350 BCE composite kurgan with 1,150-g solid gold Scythian pectoral — queen's unrobbed catacomb at Pokrov-Nikopol.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Tasmola Kurgans
Early Iron Age Tasmola 800-300 BCE · Tasmola Saka (western Saka)
Tasmola culture earthen kurgans (800-300 BCE) with 12-m dromoi catacombs, western Saka type-site at Karaganda.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday Saka Kurgans (Boralday Steppe Necropolis)
Early Saka (Scythian) Iron Age · Saka Tigrakhauda (pointed-hat Sakas)
Saka steppe royal cemetery 28 km from Almaty: 81 kurgans 45-105 m with tigrine gold plaques.
🇷🇺 Russia · Kurgan
Ak-Alakha Plateau Frozen Kurgans (Ukok Extension)
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk) · Pazyryk (Siberian Ice Maiden horizon)
Southern flank of Ukok Plateau World Heritage 768 (2,200 m, 49°21′N 87°30′E) Ak-Alakha River valley palsa permafrost where Molodin 1993 Princess of Ukok site (Ak-Alakha-3) and 6 new kurgans form…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Solokha Royal Kurgan — Scythian Gold King (Lower Dnieper, Ukraine)
Scythian Classical (4th c BCE, Scytho-Greek contact) · Pontic Scythian (Scythian–Bosporan Greek elite network)
18-m Pontic Scythian royal hill-mound (430–400 BCE) with Greek-Scythian gold comb and 1.4-kg queen diadem.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Kereksur (Khirigsuur) Field – Arkhangai Plateau
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Mongolian Bronze) · Mongolian Late Bronze pastoralists
80+ Late Bronze khirigsuurs (1400–800 BCE) on Arkhangai plateau — horse-skull cairn field at 1680 m.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Tumulus
Ban Chiang Burial 127 Bronze Phase
Bronze Age (2200–800 BCE) · Bronze Age
Ban Chiang Burial 127 Bronze Phase in Udon Thani, Thailand is a Bronze Age (2200–800 BCE) tumulus attributed to Bronze Age.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Pyramid
Kerma Tumulus KIII — Western Deffufa
Bronze Age, Classic Kerma (c.1750–1500 BCE, contemporary with Egyptian Second Intermediate Period–early New Kingdom) · Kerma culture (Nubian, Kingdom of Kush — pre-Napatan)
Tumulus KIII is among the largest royal tumuli in the Kerma Eastern and Western cemeteries capping the Kerma capital of the Dongola Reach (≈150 ha, oldest sub-Saharan city).
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Fujinoki Tumulus
Kofun Late 500–600 CE (Yamato Kinmei) · Yamato Late Kofun with Silla–Sassanian imports
Largest unlooted Late Kofun mound (560–590 CE) at Fujinoki west Horyu-ji — 48 m gilt-crown and Sassanian glass in stone corridor.
🇨🇳 China · Tumulus
Ji'an — Tomb of the General (Jiangjun Fen) Koguryo
Koguryo/Goguryeo (3rd–5th c. CE c. 400 CE) · Goguryeo/Koguryo Korean-Chinese
Jilin Koguryo pyramid excavated 1900, tomb of General as tradition, UNESCO 2004 Koguryo cross-border.
🇰🇵 North Korea · Tumulus
Goguryeo Tombs — Susan-ri Mural Tomb Pyongyang Outskirts
Goguryeo (5th c. CE c. 440 CE) · Goguryeo (Three Kingdoms)
Pyongyang Susan-ri excavated 1950s, murals of Goguryeo hunters, UNESCO 2004 Goguryeo Tombs.