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17 places in the atlas, 1 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Tumulus
Late Hellenistic to early Kushan (1st c. BCE–CE) · Yuezhi nomadic confederacy transitional to Kushan
Six 1st-c. nomadic royal graves (Yuezhi) with 21,000 gold pieces—Silk Road fusion before the Kushan empire.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Mauryan 3 c. BCE → Kushan 1–4 c. → Hepthalite 5–6 c. → Turk Shahis 7–9 c. · Gandharan Buddhist → Kabul Shahi Buddhist with metallurgic substrate
Copper-and-Buddhist hill city 40 km SE Kabul (3 c. BCE–9 c. CE) — 400 Buddha statues and 100 ha monasteries atop world's copper shafts.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Turk Shahi 699–752 CE → Umayyad–Ghaznavid 752 CE–1000 · Late Gandharan–Turk Shahi Buddhist (Kabul school post-Gandhara)
Ghorband conical-hill fortress monastery (699–752 CE) — earliest Turk Shahi polychrome stucco linking Bamyan to Kashmir after Arabs.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Hephthalite–Turk Shahi 7th–8th c CE late Buddhist · Hephthalite Buddhist — Central Asian late Gandhara (Fondukistan style)
Fondukistan Conical Hill Monastery — 8th c CE (c.700 CE Hackin terminus post quem 689 CE via coins) Buddhist monastery on conical hilltop at Ghorband Valley pass 50 km NW Kabul, excavated 1933–40 by…
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Indo-Greek 2 c. BCE → Kushan 1–4 c. → Hepthalite 5–6 c. → Turk Shahis 7–8 c. · Gandharan Greco-Buddhist (Hadda stucco school)
Greco-Buddhist plain city (2 c. BCE–8 c. CE) at Hadda south of Jalalabad — 20 stupas with bearded stucco Buddhas and Bimaran gold casket.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Ancient city
Hellenistic 330 BCE → Mauryan 305–180 BCE → Indo-Greek 180–50 BCE → Kushan 50–350 CE · Hellenistic → Indo-Greek–Kushan–Roman Silk Road
Kushan Kapisa capital at Begram (600 BCE–400 CE) — 30 ha Alexandretta with Begram Treasure of 200 Roman glass ivories.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan 100–250 CE (Kanishka–Huvishka zenith) · Kushan–Bactrian (Yuezhi) with Greco–Bactrian substrate
Kushan dynastic fire temple (100–200 CE) on Surkh Kotal pass — 50 m terraced sanctuary with Kanishka statues and Bactrian inscription.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Hephthalite 5–6 c. → Turk Shahi 7–8 c. · Late Gandhara–Hephthalite Buddhist (Kabul school stucco)
Kabul 5–6 c. Buddhist monastery on Narenj Hill above Qol lake — stucco king-bodhisattva and 5 stupas, Turk Shahi Buddhism.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Ancient city
Greco-Bactrian 2nd c BCE → Kushan 1st–3rd c CE → Sassanid sack 245 CE · Greco-Bactrian → Kushan (Kapisa capital) — Gandhara-Silk Road
Begram Bagram Kushan City — ancient Kapisa (Kapisha), summer capital of Kushan Empire (1st–3rd c CE) at Panjshir–Ghorband confluence 50 km NE Kabul, excavated 1923–40 by J. Hackin and R.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan 3rd c CE → Hepthalite 6th–7th c → Early Islamic 8th c · Kushan–Hepthalite Buddhist (Ghazni Zabul)
Tepe Sardar — Kushan–Hepthalite Buddhist monastic complex (3rd c CE–8th c CE) 3 km SE Ghazni, excavated 1956–79 IsMEO (Taddei, Verardi).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan 2nd–7th c CE (Kapisa Buddhist) · Kushan Gandhara Kapisa Buddhist
Shotorak — Kushan Buddhist monastery (2nd c CE–7th c CE) 1.5 km SE Begram (Kapisa) at Panjshir mouth, excavated 1936–39 Hackin and 2020s DAA.
