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43 places in the atlas, 18 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇪🇸 Spain · Hydraulic works
Roman Augustan (late Republic to early Principate) · Roman Tarraconensis (Tarraco Colonia)
217-m Augustan double-tier arcade (20 BCE–20 CE) 27 m high — Tarraco's Francolí aqueduct masterpiece.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Upper Palaeolithic (Solutrean–Magdalenian) · Solutrean–Magdalenian hunter-gatherers of western Iberia
443 Palaeolithic figures on Águeda schist—UNESCO trans-frontier extension of Côa Valley (20–10k BCE).
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient village
Early Neolithic, Cardial–Epicardial (5300 BCE) · Cardial Neolithic fisher-farmers (Iberian Early Neolithic)
5300 BCE Cardial pile dwelling on Lake Banyoles—earliest lake village in Mediterranean with bows and dairy.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Phoenician to Modern (7th c BCE–present; peak Punic 5th–3rd c BCE and Roman 1st–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Medieval Spanish
Punic–Roman promontory citadel Russadir forming core of Melilla la Vieja.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Solutrean–Magdalenian ~18–14 ka BP · Solutrean/Magdalenian Cantabrian
Great Ceiling of polychrome bison — the Paleolithic Sistine Chapel at Santillana del Mar.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Solutrean to Magdalenian ~18–11 ka BP · Magdalenian Cantabrian
Ribadesella polychrome Magdalenian cave sealed until 1968 with 14 ka harpoon culture art.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Gravettian to Magdalenian ~20–11 ka BP · Upper Paleolithic Iberian
2 km open-air schist engravings paired with Côa Valley, 443 Paleolithic pecked figures.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Mousterian to Magdalenian ~150–11 ka BP · Neanderthal then Aurignacian to Magdalenian
Monte Castillo reference sequence cave with 40 ka red disks and 150 kyr stratigraphy.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Middle Paleolithic to Magdalenian ~64–11 ka BP · Neanderthal and later Solutrean/Magdalenian
Monte Castillo cave with 64 ka Neanderthal ladder motif and 700 parietal figures.
🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient city
Phoenician to Late Antique (7th c. BCE–5th c. CE) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Mauri
Punic-Roman cape town beneath Melilla with dye vats and tophet.
🇪🇸 Spain · Archaeological wonder
Claimed 9600 BCE (Gadir Phoenician 1104 BCE) · Phoenician / Plato
Cádiz Erytheia Phoenician 1104 BCE island claimed Atlantis — no 9600 BCE plain
