🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Gol Mod 2 Xiongnu Royal Necropolis
Early Iron Age, Xiongnu (Hunnu) Empire period · Xiongnu (Hunnu) imperial confederacy
80×80 m trapezoidal Xiongnu royal mausoleum (1st c. BCE) with Han lacquer and 400 satellite shaft tombs.
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46 places in the atlas, 6 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Early Iron Age, Xiongnu (Hunnu) Empire period · Xiongnu (Hunnu) imperial confederacy
80×80 m trapezoidal Xiongnu royal mausoleum (1st c. BCE) with Han lacquer and 400 satellite shaft tombs.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Xiongnu Empire (~200 BCE – 100 CE) · Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu nomadic empire)
Forested ridge north of Ulaanbaatar concealing over 200 deep shaft-tombs (6–18 m deep) of the Xiongnu steppe empire that confronted Han China.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Upper Palaeolithic to Bronze Age · Palaeolithic Altai hunter-gatherers
North branch of Mongolia's only Palaeolithic painted cave, 15000 BCE ochre ostriches and mammoths in limestone.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Late Bronze Age (~1400–700 BCE) · Khirigsuur culture (Mongolian pastoralist)
Mounded circular stone platforms 2–20 m diameter surrounded by rectangular or polygonal enclosures with four cardinal knolls, often associated with deer stones and slab burials.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Upper Palaeolithic to Early Bronze · Palaeolithic Kalgutinsky, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Okunev
Mid-valley of Tsagaan Salaa with Late Pleistocene bulls under Bronze elk on same boulders.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Mongolian Late Bronze) · Deer Stone–Khirigsuur Culture
14 Classic deer stones (1400–700 BCE) — 4.2-m flight-deer stelae in Khovsgol valley.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Upper Palaeolithic to Medieval · Palaeolithic Altai, Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Turkic
North bank of Tsagaan Salaa-Baga Oigor UNESCO valley, 7000 petroglyphs including 12000 BCE mammoth-hunt.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Mongolian Bronze) · Mongolian Late Bronze pastoralists
80+ Late Bronze khirigsuurs (1400–800 BCE) on Arkhangai plateau — horse-skull cairn field at 1680 m.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Late Iron Age, Xiongnu Empire · Xiongnu (Hunnu) northern imperial elite
Xiongnu elite shaft tombs in Khentii pine forest—Han silk 'Chanyu servant' inscription and lapis 4,000 km trade chain.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Upper Palaeolithic · Altai Palaeolithic (Mal'ta–Afontova horizon)
Central painted gallery 40 m inside Khoit Tsenkher cave with Palaeolithic polychrome bison.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
The Orkhon inscriptions are bilingual texts in Middle Chinese and Old Turkic, the latter written in the Old Turkic alphabet, carved into two memorial steles erected in the early 8th century by the…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Bronze Age Khereksur/Deer Stone–Khirigsuur Complex · Mongolian Late Bronze Age pastoralists (pre-Xiongnu)
30 Bronze Age deer stones (1400–700 BCE)—densest flying-deer stelae gallery at Mörön.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Kurgan
Late Bronze to Early Iron (Khirigsuur / Deer Stone-Khirigsuur Complex) · Mongolian Late Bronze pastoral
Steppe-forest ecotone kurgan and deer-stone complex (1,580 m, 46°29′28″N 104°07′07″E 46.4912N 104.1186E Bayan-Öndör) bridging Mongolian Khirigsuur (Late Bronze 1300-700 BCE) and deer stone-khirigsuur…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic (19,000–8000 BCE) · Malta-Buret related early Holocene hunter
Sun-facing lower gallery with 15 ka ibex/ostrich ochre and pecked figures 220 m below main cave.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Period Medieval · Regional culture Asia-Megalith
Kurgan Field Asia 52 — Mongolia Region 4 in Mongolia Region 4, Mongolia is a Bronze Age megalithic with stratified deposits and regional significance. Excavations reveal architectural phasing.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
The Noin-Ula burial site (Mongolian: Ноён уулын булш, Noyon uulyn bulsh, also Noyon Uul) consist of more than 200 large burial mounds, approximately square in plan, some 2 m in height, covering…
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Early Iron Age (Pazyryk-related) · Chandman / Pazyryk (Uyuk–Chandman)
35 Pazyryk-hybrid kurgans (700–300 BCE) — frozen felt graves on Chandman piedmont.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Late Bronze to Xiongnu Early Iron · Slab Grave / Xiongnu
30 Slab Grave to Xiongnu re-used kurgans (1300 BCE–150 CE) — Selenge River terrace with Han lacquer.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Ordu-Baliq (meaning "city of the court", "city of the army"; Chinese: 窩魯朵八里), also known as Mubalik and Karabalghasun, was the capital of the Uyghur Khaganate.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Megalith
Late Bronze Age (~1400–700 BCE) · Karakhush / Deer Stone–Khirigsuur culture (Bronze-Age pastoralist)
Over 1,200 granite stelae across Mongolia present stylized reindeer in airborne gallop covering the stone from antler to hoof, interspersed with suns, daggers and human face-belts marking the waist.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Palaeolithic to Early Bronze · Afanasievo, Chemurchek, Okunev
South overhang 180 m south of cave with Afanasievo exterior petroglyphs on talus.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Tumulus
Late Bronze to Early Iron · Deer Stone–Khirigsuur / Ulaanzuukh
45 khirigsuurs + 9 deer stones (1350–750 BCE) in Khentii sacred valley — double satellite circles.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
Bombogor inscription is a stele with a Turkic inscription erected in the 8th century in honour of a Basmyl princess (Qunčuy), who might have been married to the Karluks.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Archaeological wonder
The Shoroon Bumbagar tomb is an ancient tomb in Zaamar, Töv Province, 160 km (99 mi) west of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia about 2.5 km (1.6 mi) north-east from the banks of the Tuul River and close to the…
