🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient village
Gilgal I
Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (9600–9400 BCE) · Sultanian PPNA
PPNA Jordan Valley village with 13,000 figs proving earliest arboriculture before cereals.
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140 places in the atlas, 8 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (9500–9000 BCE; Sultanien) · Sultanian PPNA (Levant)
PPNA type-village in lower Jordan Valley with oval pisé houses and wild barley economy.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient village
Iron Age to Roman (8th c. BCE–68 CE; peak Hasmonaean–Herodian) · Israelite → Hasmonaean/Essene (Yahad) sect (possibly Sadducean debate) → Roman destruction
Essene terrace settlement feeding 11 cliff caves that yielded 972 Dead Sea Scrolls.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Hydraulic works
Iron Age II (Judahite Kingdom, late 8th c. BCE) · Judahite Israelite (Hezekian Jerusalem)
Biblical 533-m S-tunnel 701 BCE two teams meet with 90 cm offset for Assyrian siege.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Ancient city
PPNA · PPNA Jordan Valley
Tell es-Sultan Jericho PPNA Tower at Jericho, West Bank, Palestine is a PPNA ancient city of the PPNA Jordan Valley tradition, built c. 8000 BCE for 8 m ppna stone tower 9 m diam with stair.
🇵🇸 Palestine · Tell
Neolithic to Iron Age (c.7000–700 BCE; peak Israelite Tirzah 1000–800 BCE) · Neolithic → Chalcolithic → EB → Israelite (Tirzah, capital to 800) → Assyrian
Tell el-Farah (North) in Tirzah valley (likely biblical Tirzah, capital of Northern Israel before Samaria) with Neolithic village (Lodian) through EB, Middle Br...
