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328 places in the atlas, 11 of them inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Neolithic to Iron Age (c.6100–612 BCE; peak Halaf 6100–5400 BCE, Guzana 1000–612 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid → Mitanni → Assyrian → Aramaean (Bit Bahiani) → Neo-Assyrian
Tell Halaf (ancient Guzana) is the type-site of Halaf culture (c.6100–5400 BCE) defining Chalcolithic painted pottery, tholoi and stamp seals, and later Aramaea...
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ninevite 5 to Old Babylonian (3200–1728 BCE) Shamshi-Adad capital · Akkadian Shekhna→Amorite Shubat-Enlil (Shamshi-Adad I)
Tell Leilan Lower Town South — Shubat-Enlil Annex in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria is a Ninevite 5 to Old Babylonian (3200–1728 BCE) Shamshi-Adad capital ancient-city attributed to Akkadian…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Mari — Palace East Wing Archive Room in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Mari, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bro…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Ugarit — Royal Palace West Archive (Ras Shamra) in Latakia, Ras Shamra, Ugarit, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attribute…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Neolithic to Late Bronze collapse 1190 BCE · Ugaritic Semitic (Amorite-Canaanite) under Hittite-Egyptian influence
Late Bronze cosmopolitan port (c.6000 BCE Neolithic to 1190 BCE destruction) on the Mediterranean, capital of the Kingdom of Ugarit (c.1450–1190 BCE) with cuneiform alphabetic tablets (world's first…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Early Bronze Age III–IV (c.2600–2000 BCE) · Southern Syria EB (Ghouta palace culture)
Ghouta EB palace 8 ha (c.2600–2000 BCE, wall paintings, double enceinte) 18 km SE Damascus.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Tell Leilan — Acropolis Lower Town Gate in Al-Hasakah, Tell Leilan, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze …
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Mitanni (Hurrian Urkesh) · Hurrian
Hurrian capital Urkesh (c.3000–1350 BCE) attributed to the god Kumarbi, with monumental Royal Palace of Tupkish (c.2250 BCE) and underground stone Abi (nekromanteion — pit to summon underworld…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age (c.2000–1187 BCE), peak Late Bronze 1500–1187 BCE · Amorite → Mittanian → Hittite viceregal
Euphrates LB city 10 ha (1200 tablets, Baal/Astarte twin temples) on Lake Assad shore.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze Age III–IV (c.2700–2000 BCE) · Syrian EBA (Ebla–Marra corridor)
Jabbul EB walled town 20 ha (c.2700–2000 BCE, shaft tombs with equid teams, gold jewellery).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Apamea — North Colonnade Insula (Orontes) in Hama, Apamea, Qalaat al-Madiq, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ubaid to Hellenistic (3500 BCE–200 BCE; peak Neo-Assyrian 856–610 BCE) · EBA → Mitanni → Syro-Hittite → Aramean Bit-Adini → Neo-Assyrian
Kar-Shalmaneser lower town 856 BCE — Aramean to Assyrian glazed palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Late Chalcolithic–Uruk (4500–3000 BCE) pre-Uruk urbanism · Local North Syrian (Hamoukar culture)
Tell Hamoukar — Early Urban Center South Extension in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria is a Late Chalcolithic–Uruk (4500–3000 BCE) pre-Uruk urbanism ancient-city attributed to Local North Syrian…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Dynastic to Mittani (3000–1200 BCE) Hurrian Urkesh · Hurrian (Urkesh) then Mittani Washshukanni? debate
Tell Mozan West Annex — Urkesh Outer Palace in Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria is a Early Dynastic to Mittani (3000–1200 BCE) Hurrian Urkesh ancient-city attributed to Hurrian (Urkesh) then Mittani…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Ebla — Palace G North Store Room in Idlib, Tell Mardikh, Ebla, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age u…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
PPNB to Mamluk (8500 BCE–1300 CE) · PPNB → Pottery Neolithic → EBA Amorite → Iron Syro-Hittite → Roman → Crusader
8600-year Ghab tell — PPNB to Crusader 30 m sequence (Harrison).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Bosra — Nabatean Arch East Gate (Hawran) in Daraa, Bosra, Syria is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age urban.…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
EBA I–III to MBA (2900–1800 BCE) · EBA Syro-Euphrates (Kish-related) → MBA Carchemish
EBA fortified oval town 2400 BCE — tomb 21 elite & burn Level III (Peltenburg).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Hellenistic to Roman (Palmyrene Empire interlude) · Aramaean Palmyrene → Roman
Desert oasis emporium on Silk Road (1st c. BCE–273 CE) — 'Bride of the Desert' — caravans of Queen Zenobia who challenged Rome (267–272 CE, sacked by Aurelian).
🇸🇾 Syria · Fortress
Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) · Iron Age fortified culture
Dura-Europos — Citadel North Tower Gate in Deir ez-Zor, Dura-Europos, Syria is a Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Iron Age for…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Chalcolithic to Mitanni-Akkadian to Late Bronze · North Mesopotamian (Uruk → Akkadian → Hurrian)
Huge early city ('city without a state' per Oates) occupied 6000 BCE–1300 CE, peaking as Nagar kingdom (2600–2200 BCE) with Mitanni palace (1500 BCE) and Akkadian Naram-Sin palace.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Bronze IVA–B (2400–1600 BCE) · Eblaite Semitic (Northwest Semitic)
Syrian superpower Ebla (c.3500–1600 BCE) with double-walled city (60 ha) and Royal Palace G — where Paolo Matthiae 1975 found the Ebla archive: 17,000 cuneiform tablets in Sumerian and Eblaite…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Early Dynastic to Old Babylonian (Shakkanakku to Zimri-Lim) · Sumerian → Amorite Mariote
Middle Euphrates great city (c.2900–1759 BCE) controlling trade between Sumer and Amorite west, with the 2.5 ha Palace of Zimri-Lim (260 rooms, frescoes — Investiture of Zimri-Lim at Louvre) and the…
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Late Chalcolithic to EJ III (4500–2100 BCE; peak LC sprawl 3800 BCE) · LC northern Mesopotamian → Uruk → Ninevite 5
LC sprawl 4000 BCE battle town 3500 BCE — sling-bullet warfare horizon (Gibson).
