Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex
Aizanoi · Aizanai
Roman Imperial (92 CE temple; bridge 250 CE)·Phrygian → Roman Imperial·🇹🇷 Kütahya Province, Çavdarhisar, Phrygia, Turkey
About
About Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex
Kütahya Roman city excavated by Naumann 1930–, best preserved Zeus temple in Anatolia, copy of Diocletian's Price Edict 301 CE.
Why it mattersKey Phrygian → Roman Imperial temple-complex with stratified sequence and regional typology.
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Collapse cause
- 02Chronology and phasing
Theories
- 01Defensive stronghold
- 02Ceremonial centre
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c. 92 CE temple built under Domitian; bridge 250 CE; agora 2nd c.
- Period
- Roman Imperial (92 CE temple; bridge 250 CE)
- Culture
- Phrygian → Roman Imperial
- Purpose
- 2nd-c-Roman provincial city with unique combined Zeus temple/ agora complex over vaulted basement
- Rediscovered
- Modern excavation 1867
- Excavation
- Excavated
c. 800 CE major extension
Major expansion / refurbishment at Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex
c. 92 CE temple built under Domitian; bridge 250 CE; agora 2nd c.
Initial construction / first occupation at Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex
On the ground
Structures & features
39.2010° N · 29.6090° E · 1050 m · 3 mapped features
Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex — Principal Temple
templetemple at Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex — outlier feature
39.2028° N · 29.6087° EAizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex — Altar Annex 2
altaraltar at Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex — hydraulic feature
39.2003° N · 29.6081° EAizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex — Shrine Annex 3
shrineshrine at Aizanoi — Zeus Temple and Penkalas Bridge Complex — subsidiary complex
39.2008° N · 29.6097° E