Buto — Lagoon Harbour Annex
Predynastic to Ptolemaic (4000 BCE–30 BCE)·Egyptian Delta cult centre·🇪🇬 Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt
About
About Buto — Lagoon Harbour Annex
Buto — Lagoon Harbour Annex in Kafr el-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt is a Predynastic to Ptolemaic (4000 BCE–30 BCE) submerged-city attributed to Egyptian Delta cult centre. Lagoon harbour at Buto with Predynastic tell and Roman warehouses at lake edge. Hartung: Buto Predynastic mound 7000 yrs with lake harbour, Wadjet cobra goddess sanctuary.
Why it mattersKey submerged harbour illustrating Egyptian Delta cult centre maritime engineering
Open questions
Mysteries & theories
Mysteries
- 01Sea-level change marker
- 02Harbour engineering
Theories
- 01Canopic branch shifting
- 02Mediterranean port typology
Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.
History
How it came to be
- Built
- c. 4000 BCE
- Period
- Predynastic to Ptolemaic (4000 BCE–30 BCE)
- Culture
- Egyptian Delta cult centre
- Purpose
- Lagoon harbour at Buto with Predynastic tell and Roman warehouses at lake edge
- Excavation
- Submerged
c. 4000 BCE
Initial construction
c. 1500 CE
Submergence by sea-level rise
c. 1995 CE
Underwater survey
On the ground
Structures & features
31.1900° N · 30.7400° E · -2 m · 4 mapped features
Buto — Lagoon Harbour Annex — Breakwater / Mole
moleHarbour mole or breakwater structure
31.1901° N · 30.7401° EButo — Lagoon Harbour Annex — Anchorage Basin
basinHarbour basin with mooring stones
31.1898° N · 30.7401° EButo — Lagoon Harbour Annex — Storehouse / Quay
quayWarehouses or quay wall
31.1904° N · 30.7398° EButo — Lagoon Harbour Annex — Drowned Shoreline Settlement
shorelineShoreline houses now underwater
31.1896° N · 30.7398° E