Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress

Why it mattersKey Garamantian (Berber Saharan state) ancient-city with stratified sequence and regional typology.

Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.

Built

c. 500 BCE capital; walls 100 BCE; foggaras 200 BCE (600 km total)

Period

Garamantian (500 BCE–600 CE) capital; foggara peak 200 BCE

Culture

Garamantian (Berber Saharan state)

Purpose

Garamantian capital (500 ha oasis) with 6 km foggara underground aqueducts — Saharan underground city that greened Fezzan

Rediscovered

Modern excavation 1858

Excavation

Excavated

1. c. 1200 BCE major extension

   Major expansion / refurbishment at Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress

2. c. 500 BCE capital; walls 100 BCE; foggaras 200 BCE (600 km total)

   Initial construction / first occupation at Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress

• Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress — Principal Structurestructurestructure at Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress — hydraulic feature26.5412° N · 13.0686° E
• Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress — Northern Complexcomplexcomplex at Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress — primary structure26.5384° N · 13.0674° E
• Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress — Rock_Art Annex 3rock artrock art at Germa — Garamantian Capital Mudbrick Fortress — outlier feature26.5413° N · 13.0661° E