Mysteria

Karatepe-Aslantaş (Azatiwataya) Open-Air Citadel

Karatepe-Aslantaş · Azatiwataya · Karatepe-Arslan Taş

Iron Age Neo-Hittite (732–650 BCE) with EBA substrate·Neo-Hittite Luwian–Phoenician (Adana plain)·🇹🇷 Osmaniye Province, Kadirli District, Ceyhan River, Taurus foothills, Turkey

About

About Karatepe-Aslantaş (Azatiwataya) Open-Air Citadel

Karatepe-Aslantaş (Azatiwataya) Open-Air Citadel is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Osmaniye Province, Kadirli District, Ceyhan River, Taurus foothills, Turkey — Northern Cilician gateway fortress with longest Phoenician and Luwian hieroglyphic bilingual Excavated evidence reveals Neo-Hittite Luwian–Phoenician (Adana plain) cultural horizons with limestone architecture. The fortress 400×300 m double wall; north and south gates 15 m with orthostats preserves stone socle double casemate, orthostat reliefs and phoenician-luwian bilingual slabs technique. Position on Osmaniye Province illustrates rosetta for anatolian hieroglyphs — phoenician-luwian bilingual enabled decipherment.

Why it mattersRosetta for Anatolian hieroglyphs — Phoenician-Luwian bilingual enabled decipherment.

Open questions

Mysteries & theories

Mysteries

  1. 01Azatiwataya = biblical Azitawadda or separate toponym?
  2. 02Why hilltop fortress not on plain?

Theories

  1. 01Bossert post-Hittite continuity vs. Hawkins Adana theory
  2. 02Bilingual public literacy vs. scribal display debate

Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.

History

How it came to be

Built
c.732 BCE Neo-Hittite Azatiwataya fortress founded by Azatiwatas; used to 650 BCE
Period
Iron Age Neo-Hittite (732–650 BCE) with EBA substrate
Culture
Neo-Hittite Luwian–Phoenician (Adana plain)
Builders
King Azatiwatas (vassal of Awariku of Adana) — Phoenician-Luwian bilingual programme
Purpose
Northern Cilician gateway fortress with longest Phoenician and Luwian hieroglyphic bilingual
Abandoned
c.650 BCE Assyrian-Persian transition abandonment, never resettled
Rediscovered
Discovered 1946 Bossert, excavated 1947–present Bossert, Alkım, Çambel (Istanbul)
Excavation
Excavated
  1. 1946

    Bossert discovers Karatepe orthostat fort, bilingual found

  2. 1947

    Çambel begins 20-year uncovering of double gates and reliefs

  3. 1992

    UNESCO Open-Air Museum roofing and bilingual corpus published

On the ground

Structures & features

37.2956° N · 36.2536° E · 195 m · 3 mapped features

Search Mysteria

Search places, or jump to a section