Mysteria

Kinet Höyük North Harbour

Kinet North Harbour · Yeşilköy North Basin · Issos North Quay

MBA to Hellenistic (2000 BCE–100 BCE)·MBA Levantine → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Hellenistic Issos·🇹🇷 Hatay Province, Dörtyol District, Yeşilköy Coast, İskenderun Bay, Turkey

About

About Kinet Höyük North Harbour

Kinet Höyük North Harbour is the 15-ha northern basin of Kinet Höyük — identified with Issos, where Alexander beat Darius III (333 BCE). Gates's harbour trenches expose MBA Cypriot imports, Hittite warehouse with Mycenaean sherds, and a Hellenistic ashlar quay with lead-clamped blocks sealing the classical harbour before bay infill buried it. The stratified harbour anchors Cilician-Levantine maritime exchange from Bronze to Iron and the topography of Issos battlefield, linking Kinet to Troy–Ulu Burun sea routes.

Why it mattersIssos harbour — MBA to Alexander's battlefield sea wall, Cilician maritime type-site

Open questions

Mysteries & theories

Mysteries

  1. 01Issos exact battle plain — north harbour or Pinarus River?
  2. 02MBA harbour as Cypriot colony or indigenous?

Theories

  1. 01Gates harbour diachrony — MBA to Hellenistic continuity vs. harbour shift
  2. 02Alexander's Issos topography anchored at Kinet north basin

Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.

History

How it came to be

Built
c.2000 BCE MBA harbour; Hittite quay 1400 BCE; Hellenistic Issos quay 333 BCE
Period
MBA to Hellenistic (2000 BCE–100 BCE)
Culture
MBA Levantine → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Hellenistic Issos
Builders
MBA merchants, Hittite harbour masters, Hellenistic Issos polis
Purpose
North harbour basin of Kinet Höyük (ancient Issos) — harbour of Alexander's battle site, MBA–Hellenistic stratified port 7km W Dörtyol on bay
Abandoned
c.100 BCE shoreline progradation
Rediscovered
Excavated 1992–2012 Gates (Bilkent Univ.)
Excavation
Partially excavated
  1. 1992

    Gates opens Kinet north harbour, MBA Cypriot warehouse found

  2. 2004

    Hittite quay Mycenaean sherds published

  3. 2012

    Hellenistic sea wall with lead clamps sealing 333 BCE harbour

On the ground

Structures & features

36.8536° N · 36.1570° E · 8 m · 3 mapped features

  • MBA Harbour Warehouse (Cypriot imports)

    storage

    MBA warehouse with Cypriot White Slip and Base Ring imports, 1600 BCE

    36.8544° N · 36.1576° E
  • Hittite Quay with Mycenaean Sherds

    harbour

    Hittite timber-laced quay warehouse Mycenaean LH IIIA sherds 1400 BCE

    36.8529° N · 36.1561° E
  • Hellenistic Ashlar Sea Wall

    harbour

    Hellenistic lead-clamped ashlar quay 333 BCE horizon, Alexander's Issos

    36.8547° N · 36.1577° E

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