Mysteria

Tell Rashid

تل رشيد · Rashid Hamrin · Tel ar-Rashid

Ubaid through Early Dynastic I (c.4000–2800 BCE); Ubaid 4, Uruk, Jemdat Nasr, ED I·Ubaid → Uruk colonial (southern Mesopotamian) → Jemdet Nasr → ED I Diyala·🇮🇶 Diyala Governorate, Hamrin basin, central Hamrin, Iraq

About

About Tell Rashid

Hamrin Uruk-period settlement (c.3800–3100 BCE) with stratified Ubaid–Uruk–ED sequence: salvaged by Michael Roaf & Postgate (British, 1977) revealing Late Chalcolithic Ubaid village capped by Uruk bevelled-rim bowls, numeric tablets and Uruk cylinder sealings on jars — direct Uruk colonial or trade presence east of Diyala. Overlying Jemdet Nasr and ED I houses show post-Uruk ruralisation with painted Brayza ware. Demonstrates Uruk intrusion into Hamrin piedmont competing with Susa–Euphrates network. Now under Hamrin lake terrace; Roaf ceramic typology anchors Hamrin chronology.

Why it mattersHamrin proof of Uruk cylinder sealing east of Diyala — supports Uruk colonial model beyond Euphrates plain.

Open questions

Mysteries & theories

Mysteries

  1. 01Was Uruk presence colonial administrators or seasonal traders?
  2. 02Where is Rashid’s Uruk kiln — bevel-rim production local?

Theories

  1. 01Algaze Uruk colonial enclave vs Stein Hamrin aggressive trade diaspora
  2. 02Roaf Hamrin Uruk–ED continuity as southern annexation test

Theories are interpretations, not findings. The seal above tells you how much scholarly weight the place carries.

History

How it came to be

Built
c.4000 BCE Ubaid hamlet; Uruk outpost 3500 BCE; ED I houses 3000 BCE
Period
Ubaid through Early Dynastic I (c.4000–2800 BCE); Ubaid 4, Uruk, Jemdat Nasr, ED I
Culture
Ubaid → Uruk colonial (southern Mesopotamian) → Jemdet Nasr → ED I Diyala
Builders
Ubaid → Uruk colonial (southern Mesopotamian) → Jemdet Nasr → ED I Diyala builders
Purpose
Hamrin piedmont Uruk trade outpost with cylinder-sealed storage for Diyala–Euphrates route
Abandoned
c.2800 BCE ED I abandonment before ED II Madhhur phase
Rediscovered
Salvage 1977 Michael Roaf (British School Iraq) Hamrin Dam survey & excavation
Excavation
Excavated
  1. 2000

    Initial work at Tell Rashid

  2. 2015

    Stratigraphy and geophysics synthesis for Tell Rashid

On the ground

Structures & features

34.5100° N · 45.3210° E · 165 m · 3 mapped features

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