🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Bastam (Urartian Rusai-URU.TUR)
Urartian Late (c.685–590 BCE) · Urartian
Largest Urartian fortress (8 ha, 700 m enclosure wall, 3 km circuit) founded by Rusa II (c.685 BC) at Bastam near Qarah...
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Köhne Shahar (Köhne Pasgah Tepesi)
Early Bronze (3500–2900 BCE) · Kura-Araxes Early Bronze
Early Bronze (3500–2900 BCE) ancient-city of Kura-Araxes Early Bronze in East Azerbaijan, Moghan (c.3350 BCE).
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Agrab Tepe
Urartian (8th–6th c. BCE; Argishti/Rusa) · Urartu
Small but classic Urartu hydraulic fortress damming a karstic spring valley NW of Khoy: cyclopean dam wall, rectangular fort, storage pithoi, Haldi-temple pebble mosaic, with red polish Urartu ware…
🇮🇷 Iran · Temple complex
Takht-e Soleyman — Throne of Solomon and Azargoshnasb Fire Temple
Sasanian Empire 224–651 CE (peak 5th–7th century) → Ilkhanid 13th century reuse · Sasanian Zoroastrian → Ilkhanid Mongol Islamic palace phase
Sasanian Great Fire temple on a 120 m artesian lake — shahs' coronation sanctuary, later Ilkhanid palace.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Haftavan Tepe
Kura-Araxes to Iron III (c.3000–600 BCE) · Kura-Araxes → Urmia ware → Urartian
30-m high mound near Khoy: massive Kura-Araxes burnished black-burnished, Urmia orange painted ware, Mitanni green-glazed cylinder seals, Urartian pillar hall, Sasanian church.
🇮🇷 Iran · Fortress
Bastam Fortress
Urartian (c.685–645 BCE Rusa II) · Urartu (Kingdom of Van)
Largest Urartu fortress (100 × 300 m upper citadel, lower town 850 × 350 m) built by Rusa II, with tripartite tower, Haldi temple, pithoi storeroom (huge jars 1,500 L), and inscribed horse trappings…
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Geoy Tepe
Geoy Tepe (also Gök Tepe) is an archaeological site in northwestern Iran, about 7 kilometers south of Urmia (Reżāʾīya), Gug Tappeh.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Geoy Tepe (Goy Tepe)
Hajji Firuz to Iron I (c.5000–900 BCE) · Hajji Firuz → Early Transcaucasian → Iron
Burton-Brown 1948 type-site near Rezaiyeh (Urmia) giving K-stage Geoy sequence: Gurney’s Parallels to Pisdeli ware: Hajji Firuz burnished, Geoy M painted orange-over-buff, and Hasanlu Grey ware…
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Hasanlu
Bronze to Iron Age (c.3000 BCE–600 BCE; peak Hasanlu IV 1100–800 BCE) · Giyan → Hasanlu IV (Mannaean/Urartian sphere) → Urartian
Hasanlu is the great Iron Age walled city south of Lake Urmia — Hasanlu IV (1100–800 BCE) citadel with columned halls, ivory workshop, and violent destruction b...
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Teppe Hasanlu
Bronze Age to Iron II (Late Bronze–U/A Mannaean; peak Hasanlu IVB Iron II c.1050–800 BCE) · Late Bronze Hurrian–Mitanni substrate → Iron Age Mannaean (Indo-Iranian hint) under Urartian pressure → Assyrian fringe
Solduz hill-citadel torched c.800 BCE — 150 massacre-victims around the Gold Bowl.