🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Sijilmassa
Early Islamic to Medieval (757–1393 CE; peak 10th–14th c CE) · Berber Miknasa / Islamic / Maliki
Gold-mint entrepôt Sijilmassa on Trans-Saharan Ghana road south of Rissani.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Zilis (Asilah)
Mauretanian to Late Roman (4th c BCE–7th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Mauri / Phoenician / Roman
Augustan Atlantic colonia Zilis (Asilah) with purple-dye garum ceti.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Aghmat — Almoravid First Capital Tensift
Idrisid to Almoravid (c. 800–1071 CE capital before Marrakech 1071) · Masmuda Berber Almoravid origins (Abu Bakr, Yusuf ibn Tashfin)
Aghmat excavated by Messier 2000s, Mu'tamid ibn Abbad exile tomb 1095, Almoravid origin stratigraphy.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Hydraulic works
Khettara System of the Ziz–Tafilalet Oasis (Erfoud–Rissani Line)
Early Islamic to present (1,300-yr continuity) · Sijilmassa Hezran + Filali oasis communities
Tafilalet foggara line: 45 khettaras (0.8-6 km, 120-410 shafts) feeding Sijilmassa palm oasis since 8th c.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Lixus Garum Factory Tank 12
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Lixus Garum Factory Tank 12 in Tanger-Tétouan, Lixus, Morocco is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Thamusida (Sidi Ali ben Ahmed)
Phoenician to Islamic (6th c BCE–8th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Phoenician / Mauri / Roman
River limes fort Thamusida with Praetorium frescoes and cohors II Syrorum camp.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Iulia Valentia Banasa (Sidi Ali Bou Djenoun)
Mauretanian to Late Roman (4th c BCE–7th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Mauri / Phoenician / Roman
Augustan veterans' colonia Banasa on Sebou with Tabula Banasitana and double forum.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Volubilis — Basilica Ancillary Forum North (Morocco)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Volubilis — Basilica Ancillary Forum North (Morocco) in Fès-Meknès, Volubilis, Morocco is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attribut…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Aghmat — Medieval City and Mausolea
Almoravid to Almohad (1050–1147 CE) · Berber Almoravid (Sanhaja) → Almohad
Aghmat is the buried Almoravid capital (11th c) 32 km S of Marrakech under modern village: 8 ha walled medina (11th c Almoravid to 12th c Almohad) with hammam, qasr, and 11th c mausolea of Almoravid…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Sijilmasa — Trans-Saharan Gold Entrepôt Draa
Midrarid Kharijite foundation 757 CE to Alaouite 1818 destruction · Miknasa Kharijite → Almoravid → Marinid caravan city (Ibn Battuta)
Sijilmasa excavated by Lightfoot & Miller 1988–, Midrarid Kharijite 757, 14th c. Leo Africanus description.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Tamuda (Tetouan)
Mauretanian to Late Roman (2nd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Mauri / Phoenician / Roman
Moorish–Roman Tamuda at Tetouan with Punic fort and garum factories destroyed AD 40.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient port
Lixus — Mauretanian-Phoenician Atlantic Port Pillars
Phoenician 8th c. BCE → Mauretanian Juba II 25 BCE → Roman Tingitana · Phoenician → Mauretanian (Juba) → Roman
Lixus excavated by Montalban & Ponsich 1947–, Atlantic garum capital of Tingitana.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Sala Colonia (Chellah – Rabat)
Roman / Merinid · Roman / Berber
Roman frontier city at sea, southernmost colonia of Tingitana. Hadrianic walls, capitol, nymphaeum and Merinid necropolis reusing gate.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Mogador Island Purple Dye Workshop
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Mogador Island Purple Dye Workshop in Marrakech-Safi, Essaouira, Morocco is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Gilda / Rirha
Mauretanian to Islamic (5th c. BCE–8th c. CE; Roman peak 1st–4th c. CE) · Mauretanian / Roman
Rirha (ancient Gilda) on the Sebou River is a Mauretanian city turned Roman colonia, 5th c. BCE–8th c. CE, excavated by Callegarin 2005–.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Kouass
Phoenicio-Punic to Roman (6th c. BCE–3rd c. CE) · Phoenician / Mauretanian / Roman
Kouass (near Asilah) is a Phoenician–Mauretanian port and factory on Atlantic estuary, 6th c. BCE–3rd c. CE, with 5th-c.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Olduvai Gorge Bed IV Site — Atlas (Marrakech)
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Olduvai Gorge Bed IV Site in Atlas, Morocco is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Zilil (Dchar Jdid / Asilah)
Phoenician / Roman · Roman / Mauretanian
Augustan colonia Iulia Constantia Zilil controlling Loukkos–Tangier road and garum coast. Large forum, basilica, theatre embankment and 5th-c church.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Volubilis House of Orpheus Mosaic Hall
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Volubilis House of Orpheus Mosaic Hall in Fès-Meknès, Volubilis, Morocco is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Lixus
Phoenician to Early Islamic (8th c BCE–8th c CE; peak Mauretanian-Roman) · Phoenician / Carthaginian / Mauretanian / Roman
Phoenician tell 8th c BCE of Hesperides legend with garum factories, hybrid theatre-amphitheatre and Helios mosaic.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Banasa — Thamusida Upstream Twin Port Colony
Mauretanian capital briefly → Roman colony Julia Valentia Banasa 33 BCE · Mauretanian Bocchus → Roman colony
Banasa excavated by Thouvenot 1930s, Tabula Banasitana 177 CE citizenship tablet for Zegrenses.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Banasa (Sidi Ali Bou Djenoun) – Colony on the Sebou
Mauretanian / Roman · Mauretanian / Roman
Augustan veteran colonia on Sebou floodplain, river-port exporting olive oil to Rhine legions. Forum, capitol, baths and kiln quarter with Tabula Banasitana bronze (212 CE citizenship grant).
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Hajar al-Nasr
Hadjar al-Nasr (Arabic: حجر النسر, lit. 'the vulture's rock') is an ancient fortress located in northern Morocco. It was constructed in the 10th century by the Idrisid dynasty.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Chellah (Sala Colonia)
Roman to Merinid (1st c CE to 14th c) · Roman / Mauretanian / Merinid Islamic
Roman port Sala Colonia beneath Merinid walled necropolis with stork-colonised minaret and Roman spolia throughout Islamic masonry.