🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Carchemish (Karkemish)
Bronze–Iron Age · Hittite viceroy, Neo-Hittite Suhi dynasty, Assyrian
Straddling Euphrates ford metropolis: Hittite viceroy-capital with King’s Gate hieroglyphs and 605 BCE battlefield.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Karkemish
Late Bronze Age to Iron Age (c.1400–717 BCE) with Neolithic–Medieval overburden · Hittite viceregal → Neo-Hittite Luwian/Aramaean
Syro-Hittite capital on Euphrates (90 ha twin-mound, basalt orthostats, Storm-God reliefs) at Turkey–Syria border.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Antioch
Seleucid to Mamluk · Greek → Roman → Byzantine → Crusader
One of the four great cities of antiquity (300 BCE–1400 CE), founded by Seleucus I honoring father Antiochos, capital of Seleucid kingdom and Roman Syria with 500,000 inhabitants at peak (Aug 5),…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Tilmen Höyük
EB III to Byzantine · Yamhad/Amorite → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Byzantine
Old Babylonian Amanus-pass palace-fortress Tilmen with lion gate, archive and Yamhad vassal capital.