🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Tamuda (Tetouan)
Mauretanian to Late Roman (2nd c BCE–5th c CE; peak 1st–3rd c CE) · Mauri / Phoenician / Roman
Moorish–Roman Tamuda at Tetouan with Punic fort and garum factories destroyed AD 40.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Yaxnohcah
Middle Preclassic to Late Classic 1000 BCE–950 CE, Mirador Basin fluorescence · Maya (Mirador Basin Preclassic)
Huge Preclassic center on basin SE ridge 15 km N of Calakmul: massive E-Group (355 m platform) aligning equinox sunrise, Triadic Structure A 30 m pyramid, and Late Classic intrusive occupation after…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Leilan (Shubat-Enlil)
Early Bronze to Old Assyrian · Akkadian → Amorite Assyrian
Akkadian provincial capital turned Assyrian royal city Shubat-Enlil (Shamshi-Adad I c.1813–1791 BCE), with 90 ha walled city, Akkadian palace on Acropolis, and the Weiss 4.2ka climate event…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Kiuic
Late Classic Puuc 600–900 CE peak (with Middle Preclassic origins) · Maya (Puuc)
Major Puuc city in protected 1,800 ha reserve: Palace 38 m long with Puuc mosaic colonnade, Yaxché Group 60 m-tall conical karst hill with EAC twin concentrations, and chultunes.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk (Warka)
Neolithic to Sassanian (c.5000 BCE–632 CE; Uruk period city 4000–3100 BCE) · Sumerian / Babylonian / Persian
Type site for Uruk period and first true city (c.4000–3100 BCE), Uruk at peak 2900 BCE housed 50,000–80,000 inside 9.5 km city wall built by Gilgamesh (per Epic).
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Gohar Tepe
Bronze to Iron Age (c.2500 BCE–800 BCE; peak 2000–1500 BCE) · Caspian Bronze → Iron I (Amlash–Hasanlu sphere)
Gohar Tepe near the Caspian is the largest Bronze–Iron mound in Mazandaran — 50 ha with stratigraphy ca.2500 BCE to Iron I, revealing Caspian–Central Asian bron...
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Sanxingdui Archaeological Site
Shu Culture 1200–1000 BCE (Sanxingdui period III) · Shu (Sichuan Basin, non-Han?)
Shu Kingdom sacrificial pits (1200–1000 BCE) revealed 1929 and sensationally 1986 with two pits of bronzes unlike Anyang Shang: 2.6 m bronze standing figure, mask with 132 cm protruding eyes, and…
EG · Submerged site
Berenike Troglodytica – Ptolemaic Red Sea Port & Lagoon Harbour
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (275 BCE – 6th c. CE) · Ptolemaic Greek / Roman Egyptian / Indian Ocean
Ptolemaic elephant port turned Indo-Roman pepper emporium — lagoon harbour behind coral reef now silted 1 m on Foul Bay.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Alalakh (Tell Atchana)
Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.2000–1200 BCE; Level VII palace 1650–1600 BCE) · Amorite / Yamhad / Hittite / Mitanni
Bronze Age capital of Mukish kingdom in Amuq plain, Alalakh yielded Levels VII–0 (Middle–Late Bronze) with cuneiform archives of King Idrimi's inscription (statue autobiography), Yarim-Lim palace,…
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Ancient city
Angkor Thom and the Bayon
Khmer Empire 1181–1243 CE (Bayon peak Jayavarman VII) · Khmer Mahayana Buddhist (with Shaiva syncretism)
Khmer capital city (late 12th century by Jayavarman VII) covering 9 km² walled square with Bayon state temple – 54 towers with 216 enigmatic smiling Avalokiteshvara faces blending Mahayana compassion…
🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Delos Archaeological Site
Archaeic to Hellenistic-Roman 9th c. BCE–69 BCE, sacred from Bronze Age · Greek (Ionian) to Hellenistic-Roman
Sacred island birthplace of Apollo - entire island is UNESCO open-air museum.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient city
Heijō Palace (Heijō-kyō)
Nara Period 710–784 CE (with brief return 745–784) · Yamato / Nara Japanese (Ritsuryo)
Imperial palace of Heijō-kyō capital (710–784 CE) modeling Tang Chang'an, 1.2×1.6 km enclosure with Daigokuden audience hall, Suzaku Gate and Eastern Palace Garden ponds.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Ur
Ubaid to Persian (c.3800 BCE–300 BCE; Early Dynastic/Ur III peak 2600–2000 BCE) · Sumerian / Akkadian / Babylonian / Persian
Sumerian city-state of the moon god Nanna (Sîn), Ur famous for Woolley's excavations 1922–34: Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu (2112 BCE) best-preserved ziggurat, Royal Cemetery with Standard of Ur, Pu-abi's…
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Cival
Middle Preclassic 900 BCE–300 BCE to Late Preclassic 300 BCE–250 CE · Maya (Holmul region Preclassic)
Early Holmul River city 40 km E of Tikal: North Acropolis Triadic Group I with colossal stucco masks (200 BCE) and 335 m E-Group, extensively excavated by Estrada-Belli Vanderbilt-BU.
EG · Submerged site
Myos Hormos – Quseir al-Qadim Roman Red Sea Harbour
Ptolemaic precursor? Then Augustan to Roman (26 BCE – 3rd c. CE; Ayyubid reuse 11th–13th) · Roman Egyptian / Indo-Roman
Augustan Red Sea short-cut harbour — lagoon 800 m behind reef at Quseir, silted 1 m, abandoned 3rd c. for southern Berenike.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai South Sluice — Grand Anicut Vennar Distributary Head
Chola Early historic to Medieval (100 – 1030 CE) · Tamil Chola hydraulic statecraft
South Vennar regulator of 2nd-c Chola anicut with Rajendra I inscriptions 1012 CE.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Halieis – Submerged Classical Harbour at Porto Cheli (Tiryns Port)
Classical to Hellenistic (5th–3rd BCE harbour) · Classical Greek / Halieian
Verified – Halieis Porto Cheli Classical harbour 5 m down, Tiryns Mycenaean port successor. American School Halieis 1965 Jameson excavated submerged town walls, mole 150 m at 4–6 m due to Argolic…
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Methone Pieria – Submerged Archaic Harbour in Thermaic Gulf
Archaic to Classical (733 BCE – 354 BCE Philip sack) · Eretrian Greek / Methonean
Verified – Methone Thermaic Gulf earliest Greek alphabetic harbour (Methone Pieria Eretrian colony 733 BCE) with archaic harbour mole 200 m at 2–3 m due to Thermaic silt?
GR · Submerged site
Aegina Kolonna – Bronze Age Harbour Town Submerged at Kolonna
Early Bronze to Mycenaean (3200–1100 BCE harbour) · Early Helladic / Minoanizing / Mycenaean
Early Bronze Saronic harbour — Kolonna fortified town whose mole now 2 m under Aegina Bay.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Yin Xu (Ruins of Yin at Anyang)
Late Shang Dynasty c.1300–1046 BCE (Anyang period) · Shang Chinese
Late Shang capital (1300–1046 BCE) on Huan River, premier Bronze Age urban site of East Asia covering 30 km² with palatial foundations, royal tombs (Fu Hao intact 76), 150,000 oracle bones with…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Jebel Khaled
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.300 BCE–600 CE; Seleucid foundation 301 BCE) · Seleucid → Roman → Byzantine Euphrates
Seleucid gridded city (301 BCE) on Euphrates east bank — fossil Hellenistic plan at Jebel Khaled.
GR · Submerged site
Pheia – Submerged Harbour of Olympia at Agios Andreas
Mycenaean to Late Roman (LH III – 5th c. CE harbour) · Mycenaean / Elean / Olympic
Olympia seaport — Homeric Pheia harbour basin and Pontikokastro islet now 4–6 m under Katakolo Bay.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
La Muerta Mirador Basin
Late Preclassic Mirador fluorescence 400 BCE–150 CE · Maya (Mirador Basin)
Mirador Basin satellite 10 km SE of El Mirador on 12 km raised sacbe to Nakbe. Structure 1 retains 6 m stucco sculpture of jaguar paw and Structure 2 has cranial caches.
GR · Submerged site
Anthedon – Submerged Harbour of Boeotia on Euboean Gulf
Mycenaean to Late Roman (LH – 3rd c. CE; Theban peak 5th–4th BCE) · Mycenaean / Boeotian / Theban
Boeotian shipyard port — twin 400 m moles at 3–4 m depth on Euboean Gulf, Theban naval base.