🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Masada Northern Palace Lower Terrace
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Masada Northern Palace Lower Terrace in South, Masada, Israel is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aphrodisias Tetrapylon East Pediment
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Aphrodisias Tetrapylon East Pediment in Aydın, Geyre, Turkey is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Ebla Palace G West Wing
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Ebla Palace G West Wing in Idlib, Tell Mardikh, Syria is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇧🇿 Belize · Ancient city
Caracol
Preclassic 1200 BCE–900 CE (peak Late Classic 562–680, Star-War defeat of Tikal) · Maya (Classic lowland; ally of Calakmul vs Tikal; later independent kingdom Uxwitzá)
Largest Maya city in Belize and greater Tikal rival: 200 km² settlement (70 sq mi mapped), Caana (“Sky Palace”) pyramid 43 m high – tallest man-made structure in Belize – with corner palaces, 160+…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Tyritake – Submerged Fish-Salting Town at Arshintsevo
Archaic to Late Roman (550 BCE – 4th c. CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan
Bosporan fish-sauce factory town — 30 salt-cisterns with anchovy bones, lower industrial strip now 1–2 m underwater off Kerch spit.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Phanagoria – Sunken Bosporan Capital
Archaic Greek to Medieval (543 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Ionian Greek / Bosporan / Khazar / Byzantine / Russian
Greatest Greek city of Taman — one third now submerged under Taman Bay containing harbour and lower town.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Buried city
Utica – Silted Punic–Roman Harbour Lost 12 km Inland
Phoenician to Arab (1101 BCE – 7th c. CE; Roman capital 146–46 BCE) · Phoenician / Carthaginian / Roman
1124 BCE Tyrian harbour older than Carthage — two cothons now 12 km inland under Medjerda alluvium, textbook delta progradation.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient city
Makimuku (Sakurai)
Yayoi Late 100–250 CE → Kofun Early 250–350 CE (Yamatai → Yamato) · Yayoi → Kofun transition (Yamato initial urbanism)
Yamato proto-city (180–300 CE) at Sakurai foot Mt. Miwa — 3 km village with palace pillars and Himiko Yamatai candidate (Wei Zhi 240 CE).
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Capsa (Gafsa)
Epipaleolithic to Modern (10,000 BCE-present; peak Capsian 8000-6000 BCE and Roman 1st-4th c CE) · Capsian Epipaleolithic / Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Capsian oasis fortress Capsa.
🇩🇪 Germany · Ancient city
Hedeby–Haithabu Viking Emporium
Viking Age (early 8th century–1066 CE) · Danish Viking Age / Frankish border
UNESCO Archaeological Border Complex of Hedeby and Danevirke (2018) at the head of the Schlei inlet — the largest Viking Age town in Scandinavia, semi-circular 27 ha rampart enclosing plot-divided…
🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient city
Sybaris – Thurii – Copia (Buried Tri-City)
Archaic to Roman (720 BCE – 7th c. CE) · Achaean Greek / Athenian / Roman (Bruttian interlude)
Richest Achaean colony, drowned by diverted river and then 9 m of alluvium hiding three successive cities.
🇱🇾 Libya · Submerged site
Apollonia of Cyrenaica – Submerged Harbour at Marsa Susa
Archaic to Byzantine (631 BCE inland Cyrene; port 6th c. BCE – 7th c. CE Arab) · Dor Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cyrene port on the Libyan limestone coast — moles and shipsheds now 2–4 m under crystal water at Marsa Susa after AD 365 quake.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Eskiyapar Höyük
Early Bronze to Iron Age (3000–700 BCE; peak MBA colony and Hittite Empire) · Hattian / Assyrian colony → Old Hittite → Hittite Empire → Phrygian
Alaca plain tell with Assyrian colony, Hittite gold treasure and EB Alaca-culture tombs.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Helike
Early Bronze Age to Classical (c. 3000 – 373 BCE) · Mycenaean / Achaean Greek
Classical Achaean capital submerged by 373 BCE earthquake-tsunami, rediscovered 2001 buried beneath coastal plain near Rizomylos.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Tanis (Zoan) – Djanet Lost Capital
Third Intermediate to Late (21st Dyn 1070 BCE – 7th c. BCE; reoccupied Ptolemaic/Roman) · Egyptian (Libyan dynasties) reusing New Kingdom monumental
21st Dynasty Tanis built from stolen Ramesside blocks – intact silver-coffined royal tombs under Delta silt.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Outer Rajasthan Reservoir Central — Rajasthan, Jaipur (54-25)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Outer Rajasthan Reservoir Central — Rajasthan, Jaipur (54-25) at Rajasthan, Jaipur, India is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Sapinuwa (Ortaköy – Ağılönü)
Hittite Empire (Old to New Kingdom) · Hittite (Nesite with Hurrian scribes)
Hittite administrative second capital (c.1600–1180 BCE, peak 1400–1200 BCE) on two hills Ağılönü and Tepelerarası, built by Hatti kings as storehouse/forward capital during Kaskaean wars when Hattusa…
🇲🇹 Malta · Ancient city
Western Hypogeum Necropolis Inner — Hypogeum, Paola (59-09)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Western Hypogeum Necropolis Inner — Hypogeum, Paola (59-09) at Hypogeum, Paola, Malta is a Early Historic (regional) ancient city of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Great Derinkuyu Sanctuary North — Derinkuyu, Cappadocia (59-47)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Great Derinkuyu Sanctuary North — Derinkuyu, Cappadocia (59-47) at Derinkuyu, Cappadocia, Turkey is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Inner Great Zimbabwe Necropolis West — Great Zimbabwe (57-37)
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Inner Great Zimbabwe Necropolis West — Great Zimbabwe (57-37) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇲🇹 Malta · Ancient city
Lower Hypogeum Sanctuary Inner — Hypogeum, Paola (59-12)
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Lower Hypogeum Sanctuary Inner — Hypogeum, Paola (59-12) at Hypogeum, Paola, Malta is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Hippo Regius – Submerged Harbour of Augustine at Annaba
Phoenician to Arab (12th c. BCE – 7th c. CE; Augustinian 354–430 peak) · Phoenician / Numidian / Roman
Augustine coastal capital — Numidian-Roman 60 ha city whose Seybouse estuary moles now 1–3 m offshore.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Sacred Great Zimbabwe Ridge North — Great Zimbabwe (57-08)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Sacred Great Zimbabwe Ridge North — Great Zimbabwe (57-08) at Great Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Fekheriye (Washukanni?)
Early Bronze to Mitanni to Neo-Assyrian (Jezirah) · Hurrian Mitanni → Aramaean Sikani → Assyrian
Spring-mound town Sikani (Mitanni to Neo-Assyrian) candidate for Mitanni capital Washukanni (hot debate) — 90 ha lower town + 8 ha citadel mound at main Khabur karst spring (Ras al-Ain).