🇪🇬 Egypt · Archaeological wonder
Abu Mena
Late Roman to Early Byzantine 4th–7th c. CE, peak 5th–6th c. · Coptic Christian / Byzantine Egyptian
Desert pilgrimage city of Saint Menas, 4th–7th c., now endangered by water table rise.
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🇴🇲 Oman · Buried city
Iram of the Pillars – Ubar, Atlantis of the Sands (Hypothetical)
Iron Age to Late Antique (1000 BCE – 500 CE) · Arabian frankincense / South Arabian / Parthian
Qur'anic Iram dhat al-'Imad — 1992 SAR identified Shisr 8-tower limestone fortress collapsed into sinkhole c. 500 CE (contested as Ubar).
🇫🇲 Micronesia · Buried city
Nan Madol – Atlantis of the Pacific Pseudo-Claim, Pohnpei
Medieval Pacific (1180–1628 CE Saudeleur; 1628–1835 Nahnmwarki) · Pohnpeian / Saudeleur / Nahnmwarki
92 basalt-log islets 1180 CE on Pohnpei reef — 750,000 tonnes columnar basalt Venice of Pacific, pseudo-grafted to Mu/Lemuria 14k BCE (typhoon slump at −6 m, not Atlantis).
🇹🇭 Thailand · Ancient city
Si Thep Historical Park (Ancient Town of Si Thep)
Dvaravati Culture 6th–13th CE (Mon) → Khmer → Ayutthaya · Dvaravati Mon (Austroasiatic Mon) with Mahayana–Hindu–Theravada syncretism
Dvaravati (Mon) ancient twin-city (c.500–1300 CE) on the Pa Sak plains 200 km north of Bangkok in Phetchabun — UNESCO World Heritage 2023 'The Ancient Town of Si Thep and its Associated Dvaravati…
🇮🇱 Israel · Hydraulic works
Mamilla Pool & Low-Level Aqueduct to Jerusalem
Second Temple (Herodian) to Byzantine · Herodian Jewish / Roman / Byzantine
Mamilla (Birket Mamilla) reservoir (760 m asl, 31°46′42″N 35°13′15″E 31.7786,35.2209) 650 m NW of Jaffa Gate in centre of Mamilla Cemetery, one of Jerusalem's ancient pools (Upper pool of Gihon)…
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Hydraulic works
Abhaya Wewa (Abhayavapi) — Anuradhapura Ancient Reservoir
Anuradhapura period (400 BCE – 10th c. CE) · Anuradhapura Sinhalese (Sinhala hydraulic civilisation)
400 BCE 350-ha 3.8 Mm³ tank with Bisokotuwa sluice — world's earliest valve 3rd c. BCE.
🇩🇪 Germany · Ancient city
Hedeby (Haithabu) Viking Town — Schleswig
Viking Age (c.770–1066 CE) · Danish Viking (later German Ottonian)
Hedeby (Heiðabýr, 8th–11th century CE), on the Haddebyer Noor inlet at the base of the Jutland Peninsula, was the largest Viking Age emporium in Scandinavia, a 27-hectare semicircular…
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Ancient city
Suyab (Ak-Beshim)
Western Turkic → Tang protectorate → Karluks/Qarakhanid 6–12 c. CE · Sogdian → Turkic Khaganate → Karluks (Silk Road Buddhist-Christian-Manichaean)
Sogdian–Turkic Silk Road capital (c.6–12 c. CE) at Ak-Beshim in the Chu Valley — 35 ha walled shahristan (650×560 m) with Buddhist temple complex (two temples 50×30 m with clay Buddhas), Nestorian…
🇱🇦 Laos · Ancient temple
Vat Phou (Vat Phou and Associated Settlements)
Chenla (5th–8th CE) → Khmer Angkor Wat (11th–13th) → Lao Buddhist (13th+) · Chenla Khmer (Hindu Shaiva) → Angkor Wat Khmer → Lan Xang Laotian Buddhist
Khmer Hindu–Buddhist temple complex and ancient city (c.5th–13th century CE, Chenla to Angkor Wat period) at Phou Khao foot near Mekong in Champasak, Laos — UNESCO World Heritage 'Vat Phou and…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Eastern Outlier
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Eastern Outlier in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Southern Extension
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Southern Extension in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Hadrumetum (Sousse)
Phoenician to Ottoman (1100 BCE–16th c; peak 2nd–4th c) · Phoenician / Punic / Roman / Early Christian / Islamic
Phoenician-tradition colonia under Sousse medina with 5.5 km catacombs, Virgil mosaic and Byzantine kasbah.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Western Terrace
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Western Terrace in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Northern Annex
Medieval (1075-1220 CE) · Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Northern Annex in Limpopo, Musina, South Africa is a Medieval (1075-1220 CE) ancient city attributed to Mapungubwe.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Northern Annex
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Northern Annex in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Western Terrace
Medieval (1075-1220 CE) · Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex — Western Terrace in Limpopo, Musina, South Africa is a Medieval (1075-1220 CE) ancient city attributed to Mapungubwe.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Western Terrace
Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) · Helmand Culture
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Western Terrace in Sistan, Zabul, Iran is a Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Helmand Culture.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Northern Annex
Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) · Helmand Culture
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Northern Annex in Sistan, Zabul, Iran is a Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Helmand Culture.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Southern Extension
Medieval (1100-1500 CE) · Zimbabwe Culture
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Southern Extension in Masvingo, Zimbabwe is a Medieval (1100-1500 CE) ancient city attributed to Zimbabwe Culture.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Eastern Outlier
Medieval (1100-1500 CE) · Zimbabwe Culture
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Eastern Outlier in Masvingo, Zimbabwe is a Medieval (1100-1500 CE) ancient city attributed to Zimbabwe Culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Southern Extension
Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) · Minoan
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Southern Extension in Crete, Heraklion, Greece is a Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) ancient city attributed to Minoan.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Khami Ruins
Zimbabwe Culture Period IV (Late Iron Age; Khami Phase 1450–1683) · Kalanga (Torwa/Karanga) / Rozvi
Post-Great Zimbabwe Torwa capital 1450–1683 with 6 m checkerboard terrace walls on hilltop and Ming porcelain imports.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Northern Annex
Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) · Minoan
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Northern Annex in Crete, Heraklion, Greece is a Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) ancient city attributed to Minoan.