🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Theveste (Tebessa)
Roman to Byzantine (75-647 CE; peak 2nd-4th c CE) · Roman / Byzantine
Legionary Theveste with arch.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Avaris – Tell el-Dab'a (Hyksos Capital)
Middle Kingdom to New Kingdom (c. 2000–1150 BCE; Hyksos peak 1670–1550) · Egyptian / Hyksos Canaanite / Minoan palace artisans
Hyksos capital with Minoan frescoes and donkey burials — 3 m under Delta fields, excavated since 1966.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Qumaarkaj
Late Postclassic (1200 – 1524 CE) · K'iche' Maya
Qumaarkaj in Quiché, Guatemala is a Late Postclassic (1200 – 1524 CE) ancient city attributed to K'iche' Maya culture. Gumarcaj/Utatlán: 4 causeways, 23 palaces, Temple of Tohil human sacrifice.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Galindo Moche–Wari Center
Middle Horizon transition (Moche V – Wari 500–850 CE) · Moche V → Wari (Huari) intrusion
Eclipsed late Moche administrative city (500–850 CE) 12 km inland from Huacas de Moche (Huaca del Sol/Luna), occupying terraced hill with 3 civic–ceremonial mounds 10–15 m high (Plataforma Principal,…
🇭🇷 Croatia · Submerged site
Narona (Vid) – Submerged Neretva River Port of Illyricum
Illyrian to Byzantine (c. 400 BCE – 614 CE) · Illyrian Daors / Greek / Roman Illyrian / Byzantine
Neretva river harbour – quay 50 m at –0.8 m in Vid marsh behind Neretva delta.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Kayalıpınar (ancient Šamuḫa)
Middle Bronze to Iron Age (2000–700 BCE; peak Hittite 1500–1180 BCE) · Hattian → Old Assyrian karum → Hittite → Kaška/Phrygian
Confirmed Šamuḫa on upper Kızılırmak — palace archive and Storm-God cult city of Empire zenith.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kampyr Tepe Oxus
Hellenistic 4th–3rd c BCE → Kushan 1st–3rd c CE · Greco-Bactrian Oxus port — Alexander → Kushan
Kampyr Tepe Oxus — Greco-Bactrian Oxus port fortress (4th c BCE Alexander → Kushan 2nd c CE) on Amu Darya north bank 30 km west Termez, excavated 1960s–2000s by E.V. Rtveladze (Uzbek Academy).
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Lerna — House of the Tiles, Argolid
Early Bronze Age Early Helladic II (c.2500–2300 BCE, site 4000–1200 BCE) · Early Helladic (Proto-Urban Aegean, Argolid)
Lerna (Neolithic–Mycenaean, House of the Tiles Early Helladic II c.2500–2300 BCE) is a low tell 6 m high on the Argolid's Lerna marsh plain near Myloi, capped by the House of the Tiles 25 × 12 m: an…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Tell
Tepe Gawra
Ubaid to Middle Bronze (5000–1500 BCE; peak Chalcolithic 4500–3500 BCE) · Northern Ubaid → Gawran Chalcolithic → Uruk → Early Dynastic → Mitanni
Northern Ubaid–Uruk reference mound with 18 m Round House and 20-level sequence.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Coricancha (Qorikancha) – Temple of the Sun, Cusco
Late Intermediate – Late Horizon (1200–1533, imperial 1440–1532) · Inca (Manco Capac to Atahualpa)
Supreme Inca sanctuary (c.1200–1533, imperial rebuild Pachacuti c.1440) at heart of Cusco's sacred geography: trapezoidal-walled temenos enclosing Sun Temple curved ashlar wall (6 m high, 55 m long,…
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Apollonia of Cyrenaica
Archaic Greek to Byzantine (630 BCE–7th c CE) · Greek / Hellenistic / Roman / Byzantine
Cyrene's port with double submerged harbour at -2.5 m, theatre and Governor's mosaics.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Amri
Amri IA–IB (4000–3000) → Kot Diji (3000–2600) → Harappan · Amri culture / Nal-related → Early Harappan
Chalcolithic type-site for Amri culture (c.4000–3000 BCE) on the west bank of the Indus in Dadu/Jamshoro, Sindh — 4 ha mound with four periods: Amri IA–IB (thin red ware with geometric black…
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Baba Jan Tepe
Iron Age I–II (1200–700 BCE; Phase II c.1000 BCE, Phase I c.800 BCE) · Central Zagros Iron Age (Luristan) → Median zone
Nurabad Iron Age pillared hall — 12-column prototype of Persian apadana.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Harar Jugol — Fortified Historic Town
Medieval Islamic (10th–19th c) · Harari / Adal Sultanate / Oromo
Harar Jugol is the 48 ha fortified historic town of Harar, Ethiopia, enclosed by 16th-century 3.3 km limestone walls (Jugol) with 5 gates, considered the fourth holiest city of Islam with 110 mosques…
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Hermonassa — Submerged Harbour and Lower Town (Taman / Tuzla)
Archaic to Medieval (c.580 BCE – 1482 CE) · Mytilenean Greek / Khazar / Kievan Rus
Mytilenean Bosporan polis on Taman hill — lower harbour 1–4 m submerged along Tuzla spit, 2500-year sequence to Tmutarakan Rus.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Sirsukh
Kushan 1st–3rd c CE → Gupta → Hepthalite 5th c · Kushan Gandhara (Taxila valley)
Sirsukh — last great city of Taxila (late 1st c CE–mid 5th c CE) 2 km NE Sirkap, Taxila valley, founded under Kushan Kujula Kadphises/Kanishka after 80 CE.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Ancient city
Djémila (Cuicul)
Roman (Trajanic to Byzantine; peak Severan 2nd–3rd c) · Roman / Berber / Christian
Mountain Roman ridge town at 900 m with Arch of Caracalla, Severan baths and finest polychrome mosaics.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
El Rey (Cancún) Maya Port Town
Late Postclassic East Coast (1200–1520 CE, occupied to contact) · Maya (East Coast – Ecab / Cuchbalam)
Postclassic coastal town (1200–1520 CE) directly in Cancún Hotel Zone at km 18 on barrier island between Nichupté Lagoon and Caribbean: ~40 platforms, colonnaded halls and Pyramid Structure 2 (9 m…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Olba and Diocaesarea (Uzuncaburç)
Hellenistic to Byzantine (c.300 BCE–600 CE) · Seleucid priest-kings → Isaurian → Roman Cilician
Priest-kingdom Olba with colossal Zeus temple (five columns 11 m) and Diocaesarea colonnaded sacred way.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Ancient city
Zaculeu
Early Classic–Postclassic (Mam–K'iche') · Maya (Mam) with K'iche' overlay
Fortified hilltop white-plastered city on Selegua River terrace near Huehuetenango (400–1525 CE), with 43 structures: Pyramid Pyramid 7 ballcourt-pyramid 12 m, palace, and 1,000-m...
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Bonampak
Late Classic 580–800 CE (mural phase 790–800 CE) · Maya (Usumacinta Basin, dependent of Yaxchilán under Shield Jaguar III)
Small Usumacinta tributary Maya center (~1.5 km²) world-famous for Temple of the Murals (Structure 1): three vaulted rooms with 110 m² of brilliantly preserved frescoes (c.790 CE ‘1000-year pigments’…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Halaf (Guzana)
Halaf Late Neolithic (Ubaid predecessor) to Iron Age Neo-Hittite Aramaean · Halaf painted ware → Aramaean Syro-Hittite (Kapara, Bit Bahiani)
Double-significance mound: type-site of Halaf culture Late Neolithic mass-produced painted pottery (c.6100–5400 BCE) that spread from Zagros to Mediterranean — defined 1911 by Oppenheim/ Schmidt; and…
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Huaca Rajada – Sipán (Royal Tombs of Sipán)
Early Intermediate Moche 100–700 CE (Sipán tombs 100–300 CE Early Moche, late tombs to 700) · Moche (Mochica, north coast of Peru)
Moche necropolis-platform complex (100–700 CE) with two adobe pyramids (Huaca Rajada 10 m and Huaca de la Raya) covering 10 elite tombs – crowning discovery of 1987 Lord of Sipán (Señor de Sipán,…
🇬🇪 Georgia · Submerged site
Pitiunt (Bichvinta) – Submerged Fortress Basilica of Georgia
Greek to Byzantine (6th c. BCE Greek emporion – 14th c. patriarchate) · Milesian Greek / Roman / Byzantine Colchian–Abkhaz
Northernmost Black Sea Roman fortress — east wall and mole now –0.5 to –4 m on Pitsunda lagoon-sea spit.