🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Ahmar
Middle Bronze Age to Roman (c.1800 BCE–200 CE), peak Iron Age–Assyrian · Hittite → Neo-Hittite Luwian → Neo-Assyrian
Euphrates terrace city 35 ha (Hittite Masuwari → Assyrian Til Barsip, D-shaped walls, Hypogeum).
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Eastern Potosí Sanctuary North — Potosí (55-22)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Eastern Potosí Sanctuary North — Potosí (55-22) at Potosí, Bolivia is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 800 CE for sanctuary and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Askut Fort Island Supply Base
Middle Kingdom · 12th Dynasty Egyptian
Askut Fort Island Supply Base at Nubia, Askut Island, Sudan is a Middle Kingdom ancient city of the 12th Dynasty Egyptian tradition, built c. 1850 BCE for island fort-supply base 77×52 m.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Inner Meroe Terrace North — Meroe (53-27)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Inner Meroe Terrace North — Meroe (53-27) at Meroe, Sudan is a Chalcolithic (regional) ancient city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for terrace and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Northern Aleppo Citadel Inner — Aleppo (53-32)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Northern Aleppo Citadel Inner — Aleppo (53-32) at Aleppo, Syria is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Archaeological wonder
Wadi Faynan (Feynan)
Chalcolithic – Roman (peaks: Chalcolithic, Iron Age–Roman Edom/Phaino) · Chalcolithic miners to Edomite–Nabataean–Roman (Phaino)
30-km copper valley (4500 BCE–400 CE) — mines, slag heaps and Roman Phaino mining town.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Inner Lalibela Ridge Outer — Lalibela (59-31)
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Inner Lalibela Ridge Outer — Lalibela (59-31) at Lalibela, Ethiopia is a Iron Age (regional) ancient city of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 800 BCE for ridge and associated settlement.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Royal Aleppo Fortress South — Aleppo (53-25)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Royal Aleppo Fortress South — Aleppo (53-25) at Aleppo, Syria is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c. 2500 BCE for fortress and associated settlement.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Great Potosí Hilltop East — Potosí (55-05)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Great Potosí Hilltop East — Potosí (55-05) at Potosí, Bolivia is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 1200 BCE for hilltop and associated settlement.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Ancient city
Dvin — Ancient Capital of Armenia
Late Antiquity to Medieval (4th–13th century; peak 7th–10th) · Arsacid Armenia → Sasanian marzpan → Arab Dabil emirate → Bagratuni → Seljuk
100 ha medieval Silk Road capital — trilobed palace, glazed-market vault and ceramic aqueduct.
🇯🇵 Japan · Ancient city
Upper Nara Ridge South — Nara, Asuka (54-12)
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Upper Nara Ridge South — Nara, Asuka (54-12) at Nara, Asuka, Japan is a Iron Age (regional) ancient city of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 200 CE for ridge and associated settlement.
🇷🇺 Russia · Submerged site
Gorgippia — Submerged Harbour Quarter (Anapa Bay)
Classical to Roman (c.400 BCE – 240 CE) · Sindian Greek / Bosporan
Sindian port turned Bosporan city under Anapa — 40 ha grid with harbour quarter 1–2.5 m submerged off beach, museum in city centre.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Holmul (Witzná) Triadic Pyramids
Maya Preclassic to Late Classic · Maya (Kanul? Witzná polity)
Holmul Witzná (800 BCE–900 CE): Preclassic 20 m Great Pyramid with Classic triadic frieze Building N (8 m stucco masks, feathered serpent) — longest stratified Maya sequence.
🇬🇷 Greece · Submerged site
Olous (Olus) – Sunken Dorian City
Minoan to Late Roman (Bronze Age – 2nd c. CE) · Minoan / Dorian Greek / Hellenistic / Roman
Dorian Cretan harbour city subsided by 2nd c. quake — walls now snorkelable in 1–3 m off Elounda causeway.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Uxmal
Late Classic to Terminal Classic 600–1000 CE (apogee 800–950, Puuc apogee 850–925) · Maya (Puuc tradition, Northern Maya lowlands)
Greatest Puuc architectural city of northern Yucatán (600–950 CE) with veneer mosaic stonework, Puuc columns, Chac masks and lattice façades: Pyramid of the Magician (Adivino, 35 m high, oval…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Banawali
Pre-Harappan to Mature Harappan (Harappan 3A–5) · Indus Valley (Harappan)
Harappan planned city (2600–1900 BCE) on the left bank of the dried Sarasvati in Fatehabad, Haryana, excavated by R.S. Bisht (1974–77).
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Assur
Early Dynastic to Neo-Assyrian to Parthian · Assyrian (Akkadian dialect)
First capital and holy city of Assyria (c.2600 BCE–614 BCE, 70 ha on Tigris bend) — temple of god Assur (Ashur) whose city and god name are one.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Perge
Late Bronze Age to Late Antiquity (peak Hellenistic–Severan) · Hittite Anatolian → Pamphylian Greek → Roman
Pamphylian canal-avenue Hellenistic city with twin gate-towers and huge stadium.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zeugma — Mosaic House Danae Room Peristyle North
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Zeugma — Mosaic House Danae Room Peristyle North in Gaziantep, Nizip, Zeugma, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed…
🇧🇿 Belize · Ancient city
La Milpa
Preclassic–Late Classic · Maya (Three Rivers)
Third-largest Belize Maya city (400 BCE–900 CE) — 25-m Great Pyramid with 85 plazas and 60-km sacbé network.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Jerash — North Theatre West Entrance (Gerasa)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Jerash — North Theatre West Entrance (Gerasa) in Jerash Governorate, Jerash, Jordan is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed …
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Volubilis — Basilica Ancillary Forum North (Morocco)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Volubilis — Basilica Ancillary Forum North (Morocco) in Fès-Meknès, Volubilis, Morocco is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attribut…
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape
Early to Middle Iron Age (K2 culture 1000–1220; Mapungubwe phase 1220–1290 CE) · Gokomere-Zhizo / Kalanga-Shona precursor / Mapungubwe culture
Iron Age kingdom (900–1290 CE) on Shashe–Limpopo confluence, Mapungubwe was southern Africa's earliest class-stratified state: elite on Mapungubwe Hill, commoners at foot, gold working – famous gold…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Zincirli (Sam'al) — Ancient Citadel North Tower (Gaziantep)
Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age urban
Zincirli (Sam'al) — Ancient Citadel North Tower (Gaziantep) in Gaziantep, Zincirli, Turkey is a Bronze Age to Classical (3000 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attr…