🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Gran Pajatén Archaeological Zone
Chachapoya 800–1532 CE · Chachapoya
Chachapoya cloud-forest citadel slate-mosaic friezes, UNESCO 548.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Ephesus (Efes)
Ionian to Byzantine · Ionian Greek / Roman
Ephesus (Efes) in Izmir Province, Turkey is a Ionian to Byzantine ancient city attributed to Ionian Greek / Roman culture. Inscribed UNESCO World Heritage Site (ID 1018).
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Submerged site
Chersonesos — Quarantine Bay Western Harbour Submerged (Tauric West)
Classical to Medieval (422 BCE – 1400 CE) · Heracleian Doric / Byzantine
Western citadel harbour of Tauric Chersonesos in Quarantine Bay — 130 m mole at –2.5 m and ship-sheds.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Ancient city
Mikulčice-Valy Great Moravian Agglomeration
Early Middle Ages (6th c. settlement; Great Moravian 830–907) · Great Moravia (capital hypothesis)
Mikulčice-Valy Great Moravian Agglomeration in South Moravia, Hodonín District, Mikulčice, Morava floodplain, Czech Republic is a Early Middle Ages (6th c.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib North Sluice & Northern Oasis Canal (Sadd Ma'rib al-Shamali)
Sabaean to Himyarite (8th c BCE–6th c CE) · Sabaean / Himyarite
North sluice of Great Dam of Ma'rib (750 BCE–575 CE) — 23-m cut-stone control feeding northern oasis.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Timbuktu (Sankore, Djingareyber & Sidi Yahya)
Medieval Sudanic (11th–17th c; peak 14th–16th c under Mali-Songhai) · Tuareg / Soninke / Malinke / Songhai / Berber / Moroccan (Arma)
Scholar caravan metropolis on Niger Bend with three 14th-c earthen Sudano-Sahelian mosques and 600,000-manuscript university Sankore.
🇩🇪 Germany · Ancient city
Hedeby (Haithabu) Viking Town — Schleswig
Viking Age (c.770–1066 CE) · Danish Viking (later German Ottonian)
Hedeby (Heiðabýr, 8th–11th century CE), on the Haddebyer Noor inlet at the base of the Jutland Peninsula, was the largest Viking Age emporium in Scandinavia, a 27-hectare semicircular…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Western Terrace
Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) · Mari Culture
Mari Palace Western Annex Drain — Western Terrace in Deir ez-Zor, Tell Hariri, Syria is a Early Bronze Age (2900-1750 BCE) ancient city attributed to Mari Culture.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Southern Extension
Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) · Helmand Culture
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Southern Extension in Sistan, Zabul, Iran is a Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Helmand Culture.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Southern Extension
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Southern Extension in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Eastern Outlier
Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) · Helmand Culture
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Eastern Outlier in Sistan, Zabul, Iran is a Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Helmand Culture.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Western Terrace
Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) · Uruk Period
Uruk Anu Ziggurat Terrace North Annex — Western Terrace in Al Muthanna, Warka, Iraq is a Late Chalcolithic (4000-3100 BCE) ancient city attributed to Uruk Period.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Western Terrace
Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) · Helmand Culture
Shahr-e Sukhteh Workshop Quarter East Annex — Western Terrace in Sistan, Zabul, Iran is a Early Bronze Age (3200-1800 BCE) ancient city attributed to Helmand Culture.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Western Terrace
Medieval (1100-1500 CE) · Zimbabwe Culture
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Western Terrace in Masvingo, Zimbabwe is a Medieval (1100-1500 CE) ancient city attributed to Zimbabwe Culture.
🇿🇼 Zimbabwe · Ancient city
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Northern Annex
Medieval (1100-1500 CE) · Zimbabwe Culture
Great Zimbabwe Hill Complex Terrace Annex South — Northern Annex in Masvingo, Zimbabwe is a Medieval (1100-1500 CE) ancient city attributed to Zimbabwe Culture.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Southern Extension
Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) · Minoan
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Southern Extension in Crete, Heraklion, Greece is a Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) ancient city attributed to Minoan.
🇬🇷 Greece · Ancient city
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Eastern Outlier
Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) · Minoan
Knossos Caravanserai South Annex — Eastern Outlier in Crete, Heraklion, Greece is a Neopalatial (1700-1450 BCE) ancient city attributed to Minoan.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex
Medieval (1075-1220 CE) · Mapungubwe
Mapungubwe Hill Summit Enclosure South Annex in Limpopo, Musina, South Africa is a Medieval (1075-1220 CE) ancient city attributed to Mapungubwe.
🇭🇳 Honduras · Ancient city
Copán
Classic 426–822 CE (dynastic Copán, peak 695–820) · Maya (southeast Petén sphere, Copán kingdom, non-Maya frontier)
Premier Classic southeastern Maya capital and sculpture capital: Acropolis with 4,500 glyph Hierarchical Stairway (longest Classic Maya text – 72 steps, 2,200 glyphs recording 14 kings), Rosalila…
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Dabbs Wadi Rock Engraving Panel 12
Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) · Bronze Age
Dabbs Wadi Rock Engraving Panel 12 in Northern, Dabbs Wadi, Sudan is a Bronze Age (3000–1200 BCE) ancient city attributed to Bronze Age.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Ancient city
Navekat (Krasnaya Rechka – Ak-Beshim West)
Sogdian 6–8 c. → Karluks 8–9 c. → Qarakhanid 10–12 c. · Sogdian → Turkic Khaganate → Qarakhanid (Chu Silk Road)
Sogdian Navekat city (6–12 c. CE) at Krasnaya Rechka 18 km west Suyab — 20 ha shahristan with 3 m Buddha vs Suyab's khagan palace.
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Pyramid
Tikal Mundo Perdido Pyramid 5D-87 (Lost World)
Preclassic to Early Classic (Mundo Perdido phase) · Maya (Preclassic Tikal)
Tikal’s earliest pyramid — Mundo Perdido 5D-87 — 30 m Preclassic E-Group astronomical pyramid 67 m base c.100 BCE, ancestor to Tikal’s dynastic pyramids.
🇮🇷 Iran · Ancient city
Shahr-i Sokhta — The Burnt City
Early Bronze Age Helmand–Jiroft horizon (c.3200–1800 BCE; variant 3200–2350 then eclipse) · Helmand/Sistan Bronze Age (Burnt City culture) — network with Shahr-i Sokhta, Mundigak, Indus
151 ha Burnt City between Sumer and Indus — animated goat bowl, artificial eye and 40,000 graves.
🇵🇪 Peru · Temple complex
Coricancha (Qorikancha) – Temple of the Sun, Cusco
Late Intermediate – Late Horizon (1200–1533, imperial 1440–1532) · Inca (Manco Capac to Atahualpa)
Supreme Inca sanctuary (c.1200–1533, imperial rebuild Pachacuti c.1440) at heart of Cusco's sacred geography: trapezoidal-walled temenos enclosing Sun Temple curved ashlar wall (6 m high, 55 m long,…