🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Sultantepe Höyük
Halaf → Mitanni → Neo-Assyrian (615 BCE lib) → Hellenistic → Islamic · Halaf → Mitanni Hurrian → Middle & Neo-Assyrian → Islamic
Neo-Assyrian library tell — 400 tablets of Gilgamesh (615 BCE Huzirina).
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Tell Leilan (Shubat-Enlil)
Early Bronze to Old Assyrian · Akkadian → Amorite Assyrian
Akkadian provincial capital turned Assyrian royal city Shubat-Enlil (Shamshi-Adad I c.1813–1791 BCE), with 90 ha walled city, Akkadian palace on Acropolis, and the Weiss 4.2ka climate event…
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Tepe Ozbaki (Uzbaki)
Medes to Early Bronze (c.7000 BCE–Medes 7th c. BCE) · Medes–Achaemenid transition plus prehistoric Tappeh
Nine-period mound 15 km SSW of Qazvin with Halil Tepe–like sequence: Median mudbrick fortress + intact brick vault & rampart (oldest in Iran), Edriss Iron-Age citadel, Ozbaki Maad temple?
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
La Tolita — Tumaco-Tolita Culture Center
Formative – Regional Development (600 BCE–400 CE) · Tumaco-Tolita (Chocó)
La Tolita — Tumaco-Tolita Culture Center in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador is a Formative – Regional Development (600 BCE–400 CE) ancient-city attributed to Tumaco-Tolita (Chocó).
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Mohenjo-daro
Mature Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Indus Valley / Harappan
Largest city of Indus Valley Civilization (2500–1900 BCE) with grid plan, Great Bath (12x7 m citadel tank), granary, brick drains and standardized weights; script undeciphered. Abandoned c.1900 BCE.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Cacaxtla-Xochitécatl Archaeological Zone
Epiclassic 650–900 CE · Olmeca-Xicalanca
Epiclassic painted citadel Battle Mural 22 m, 700–800 CE.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Temple complex
Go Thap
Funan to Chenla (5th–12th century CE, Oc Eo phase 5th–7th, Chenla later) · Oc Eo → Chenla → Khmer
Plain of Reeds island temple (5th–12th cent) — 10 ha Funan–Chenla brick sanctuary in Dong Thap Muoi.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Musawwarat es-Sufra Temple Annex — Limpopo (Polokwane)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Musawwarat es-Sufra Temple Annex in Limpopo, South Africa is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) ancient city attributed to Medieval culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Pyramid
Comalcalco Archaeological Zone
Maya Classic 250–900 CE · Maya (Chontal)
Maya brick city 56 million bricks, Chontal 250–900 CE.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Charnel House Cemetery East — Basin of Mexico (Mexico City)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Iron Age
Charnel House Cemetery East in Basin of Mexico, Mexico is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) ancient city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Great Serpent Mound South
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Local Neolithic
Great Serpent Mound South in Yucatán, Mexico is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Meroe Northern Cemetery Pyramid — Tigray (Axum)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Medieval
Meroe Northern Cemetery Pyramid in Tigray, Ethiopia is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Medieval culture.
🇷🇴 Romania · Ancient city
Roof Burn Layer East
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Roof Burn Layer East in Danube Plain, Romania is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Ancient city
Serpent Mound Egg Enclosure — Altiplano (La Paz)
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Iron Age
Serpent Mound Egg Enclosure in Altiplano, Bolivia is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) ancient city attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Thimisica (Henchir Mehonine)
Roman (1st c. BCE–7th c. CE) · Numidian / Roman
Road town between Mejez el-Bab and Beja with porticoed forum and fort.
🇮🇷 Iran · Tell
Gohar Tepe
Bronze to Iron Age (c.2500 BCE–800 BCE; peak 2000–1500 BCE) · Caspian Bronze → Iron I (Amlash–Hasanlu sphere)
Gohar Tepe near the Caspian is the largest Bronze–Iron mound in Mazandaran — 50 ha with stratigraphy ca.2500 BCE to Iron I, revealing Caspian–Central Asian bron...
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient city
Banasa (Sidi Ali Bou Djenoun) – Colony on the Sebou
Mauretanian / Roman · Mauretanian / Roman
Augustan veteran colonia on Sebou floodplain, river-port exporting olive oil to Rhine legions. Forum, capitol, baths and kiln quarter with Tabula Banasitana bronze (212 CE citizenship grant).
🇦🇷 Argentina · Ancient city
Floridablanca (Patagonia)
The Spanish settlement Nueva Colonia y Fuerte de Floridablanca was established in San Julian Bay in 1780 and abandoned four years later due to scurvy.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Kuelap
Chachapoya (Middle Horizon to Inca) · Chachapoya
Immense walled city on Andean ridge (500–1570 CE) of Chachapoya 'Warriors of the Clouds' with limestone dry-stone walls 19 m high, 3 entries tapering to 1 person, circular houses with zigzag friezes.
🇵🇪 Peru · Ancient city
Yalape South Annex
Late Intermediate Chachapoya 1100–1470 CE · Chachapoyas
Secondary terraced annex of Yalape fortress-city perched above Utcubamba 15 km south of Chachapoyas town: 40 circular houses with trapezoidal niches on terraces stepping down 60 m vertical, defensive…
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient city
Harlaa Urban Mound East — Ténéré (Agadez)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Harlaa Urban Mound East in Ténéré, Niger is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) ancient city attributed to Classical culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Jebel Barkal Pyramid North — Giza Plateau (Giza)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Jebel Barkal Pyramid North in Giza Plateau, Egypt is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) ancient city attributed to Medieval culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Antinoöpolis (El Sheikh Ibada / Antinoë) – Hadrian's City
Roman · Roman / Egyptian / Greek
Instant Græco-Roman show-city founded by Hadrian Oct 130 CE for drowned Antinous. Hippodamian grid, tetrastyle gates, 3 km colonnaded cardo, circus and temple to Osiris-Antinous. Greek boule papyri.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Berenike Trogodytica Eastern Ridge — Red Sea Port Ridge
Ptolemaic to Roman (275 BCE–600 CE) · Ptolemaic Trogodytica trade port
Berenike Trogodytica Eastern Ridge — Red Sea Port Ridge in Red Sea Governorate, Egypt is a Ptolemaic to Roman (275 BCE–600 CE) ancient-city attributed to Ptolemaic Trogodytica trade port.