🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock art
Drakensberg uKhahlamba Rock Art
Later Stone Age ~4000 BP–1800 CE · San (Bushman) hunter-gatherer
35,000 San paintings in 600 Drakensberg shelters - shamanic eland dance archive.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape
Early to Middle Iron Age (K2 culture 1000–1220; Mapungubwe phase 1220–1290 CE) · Gokomere-Zhizo / Kalanga-Shona precursor / Mapungubwe culture
Iron Age kingdom (900–1290 CE) on Shashe–Limpopo confluence, Mapungubwe was southern Africa's earliest class-stratified state: elite on Mapungubwe Hill, commoners at foot, gold working – famous gold…
🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock art
Drakensberg Main Caves Rock Art
Late Stone Age 3000 BCE–19th c. CE · San (Bushman) hunter-gatherer
uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Main Caves – 500+ San (Bushman) paintings in sandstone Game Pass Shelter: 35,000+ individual images (polychrome eland, therianthropes, Rosetta Panel).
🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock art
Wildebeest Kuil Rock Art
Later Stone Age to Colonial ~8000 BP–19th c. · San ( ancestral Bushman) and Khoe
Kimberley andesite engravings with 1,500 eland-rhino figures and living San custodianship.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Ancient city
Thulamela
Zimbabwe–Khami Tradition (Late Iron Age 1250–1700 CE) · Shona-Venda (Lemba/Vhangona) / Tsonga hinterland
5 ha hilltop Mapungubwe-descendant gold citadel with Queen's grave (gold bangles, Chinese porcelain) controlling Levuhbu–Indian Ocean ivory route.
🇿🇦 South Africa · Rock art
Cederberg Stadsaal Caves Rock Art
Late Stone Age 10,000 BCE–19th c. CE · San (Khoisan)
Cederberg Stadsaal – Cape Fold Mountains sandstone domes and caves with Late Stone Age San rock art in Stadsaal Caves (Elephant Processional panel, 500–1600 CE), Sevilla Trail 130-site route.