🇮🇶 Iraq · Hydraulic works
Jerwan Aqueduct of Sennacherib
Neo-Assyrian (Sargonid) · Assyrian Imperial (Nineveh hydraulic corps)
Neo-Assyrian 280-m aqueduct bridge 705 BCE carrying Khosr Canal to Nineveh, largest pre-Roman.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Temple of Kalabsha (Talmis)
New Kingdom to Roman (1479 BCE–235 CE; freestanding temple essentially Augustan) · Egyptian / Nubian
Augustan New Kalabsha — Nubia's largest freestanding temple (76 m) to Mandulis saved from Nasser.
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Kitora Tumulus
Asuka Late 645–710 CE → Nara 710–784 · Yamato–Asuka (Chinese Kaiyuan–Korean star lore)
Asuka round tomb (700 CE) at Kitora south Asuka — 13.8 m with 28-zodiac astronomical ceiling and four gods National Treasure murals.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Aizkraukle
Late Iron Age Baltic → Livonian Crusade 1213 · Latgallian → Liv (Livs) → Livonian Order (Sword Brethren)
Aizkraukle (Ascheraden) — Latgallian → Liv hillfort and later stone castle hill (Iron Age–16th c) on Daugava right bank 82 km southeast Riga, 40 m above Daugava, ~67 m a.s.l.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Submerged site
Uluburun Late Bronze Age Shipwreck
Late Bronze Age (14th c. BCE, c. 1320±15 BCE) · Canaanite/Cypriot/Mycenaean international (hull possibly Levantine)
1320 BCE merchantman off Grand Cape — 10 t copper, tin and exotic cargo revealing Bronze Age world-system.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Fortress
Visby Walls
High–Late Medieval Hanseatic 1160–1400 (Visby Hanseatic florescence 12th–14th c) · Gotlandic Hanseatic (Gutar–German Hansa Visby, Valdemar IV)
Visby City Walls (Ringmuren) — Hanseatic medieval town wall (late 13th–14th c, with 12th c earth predecessor) encircling Visby Old Town 3.4 km circumference, 11 m high, 27 towers, 3 gates…
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Baum Village and Works
Middle Woodland Hopewell (50 BCE–350 CE) · Hopewell (Baum phase)
Hopewell rectangular enclosure (120×110 m, 1.3 ha) with habitation village overlapping embankments atPaint Creek terrace—rare instance where Hopewell domestic occupation directly associated with…
🇯🇵 Japan · Tumulus
Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Nara
Kofun Late Asuka 7th–8th c CE · Asuka court elite — naturalistic procession mural
Takamatsuzuka Tumulus Nara — 7th–8th c CE decorated kofun (stone chamber 2.65×1.0×1.13 m) on Asuka hill 500 m north Kitora, famous 1972 National Treasure discovery of Asuka court murals: west wall…
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Surkh Kotal
Kushan 100–250 CE (Kanishka–Huvishka zenith) · Kushan–Bactrian (Yuezhi) with Greco–Bactrian substrate
Kushan dynastic fire temple (100–200 CE) on Surkh Kotal pass — 50 m terraced sanctuary with Kanishka statues and Bactrian inscription.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Luxor Temple
New Kingdom to Greco-Roman (c.1400 BCE–300 CE; main 1390–1225 BCE) · Egyptian New Kingdom / Roman / Islamic layer
New Kingdom temple built by Amenhotep III (1388–1350 BCE), Tutankhamun, Horemheb and Ramesses II on Nile east bank.
🇺🇸 United States · Archaeological wonder
Aztec Ruins National Monument
Pueblo II–III 1115–1287 CE (Chacoan 1120–1140; Mesa Verde 1200–1287) · Ancestral Puebloan (Chacoan then Mesa Verdean)
Misnamed 12th-century Great House built by Chacoan Ancestral Puebloans (Aztec West, 400 rooms, 3 storeys) and later occupied by Mesa Verdeans: E-shaped pueblo with Great Kiva (14.6 m diameter,…
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient village
Cotta Garum Factory
Roman (1st–5th c. CE; peak 2nd–4th c. CE) · Roman (Mauretanian)
Cotta (Cap Spartel) is Mauretania Tingitana's largest Roman garum factory, 1st–5th c. CE, 8 km west of Tangier on Atlantic.
🇬🇷 Greece · Temple complex
Epidaurus Sanctuary of Asklepios
Archaic to Hellenistic 6th–2nd c. BCE · Ancient Greek Argive
Asklepios healing sanctuary with world's most acoustically perfect 14,000-seat Greek theater.
🇷🇺 Russia · Archaeological wonder
Pazyryk Kurgans
Scythian Iron Age (~600–250 BCE; main Pazyryk phase 300 BCE) · Pazyryk (Scythian/Altaic nomadic)
Five large larch-log chamber tombs in the dry Ukok and Ulagan valleys where permafrost preserved tattooed chieftains, silk from China, Persian pile carpets (the oldest extant, 5th century BCE) and 10…
🇲🇱 Mali · Temple complex
Great Mosque of Djenné
Medieval to Modern (13th c original; current 1907 reconstruction) · Sudano-Sahelian / Malian / French colonial restoration
World's largest mudbrick (banco) structure, Great Mosque of Djenné dominates island town: 56×56 m, 11 m high, three 34 m minarets with ostrich-egg pinnacles, toron wooden poles for annual…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Geoglyph
Uffington White Horse
Late Bronze Age 1380–550 BCE (OSL Brill 1995) · Late Bronze Age Britons, ritual landscape around Uffington Castle hillfort
110-m Bronze Age galloping horse on Downs - Britain's oldest hill figure 3000 years.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Howe Broch
Neolithic 3500 BCE to Norse 1200 CE with broch Iron Age focus · Neolithic Grooved Ware to Iron Age broch to Norse
Stratified broch and settlement mound (3500 BCE - Norse) at Howe, Stromness, Orkney - 7-m type-section for Atlantic Iron Age.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Withy Bed Copse Trackway
Late Bronze Age 902 BCE · Late Bronze Age Somerset Levels herders
Late Bronze Age hurdle trackway (902 BCE, 450 m) at Withy Bed Copse, Shapwick Heath — Late Bronze revival of Levels tradition.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Chertomlyk Royal Kurgan — Scythian King Ateas? (Nikopol amphitheatre, Dnipro)
Scythian Late Classical (4th c BCE, Philip II horizon) · Pontic Scythian (kingdom of Ateas / Late Scythian)
20-m, 110-m largest Pontic kurgan (350–325 BCE) — 80 Greek amphorae and gold gorytos, king Ateas candidate.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Jarlshof Broch & Iron Age–Norse Settlement Complex (Sumburgh, Shetland)
Late Neolithic to Late Norse (2700 BCE–14th c CE) · Neolithic → Bronze Age → Iron Age Pictish → Norse (Scalloway Jarlshof horizon)
4,000-yr Shetland settlement (2700 BCE–14th c) — 10-m broch with 4 wheelhouses overlain by Norse longhouses at Sumburgh.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Tovsta Mohyla (Tolstaya Mogila) — Royal Scythian Pectoral Kurgan, Pokrov (Ordzhonikidze)
Scythian Late Classical (4th c BCE) · Pontic Scythian (Scythian–Bosporan elite, 4th c BCE)
350 BCE composite kurgan with 1,150-g solid gold Scythian pectoral — queen's unrobbed catacomb at Pokrov-Nikopol.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Tasmola Kurgans
Early Iron Age Tasmola 800-300 BCE · Tasmola Saka (western Saka)
Tasmola culture earthen kurgans (800-300 BCE) with 12-m dromoi catacombs, western Saka type-site at Karaganda.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Ancient village
Hatfield Moor Neolithic Trackway (Lindholme Trackway) – South Yorkshire
Late Neolithic · Late Neolithic Humberhead communities (Grooved Ware)
821-m Neolithic pine corduroy trackway (2435 BCE) on Hatfield Moor — longest British Neolithic.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Tumulus
Solokha Royal Kurgan — Scythian Gold King (Lower Dnieper, Ukraine)
Scythian Classical (4th c BCE, Scytho-Greek contact) · Pontic Scythian (Scythian–Bosporan Greek elite network)
18-m Pontic Scythian royal hill-mound (430–400 BCE) with Greek-Scythian gold comb and 1.4-kg queen diadem.