🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Areni-1 Cave Complex
Late Chalcolithic (Areni phase, 4300–3400 BCE) · Areni / Late Chalcolithic South Caucasus (related to Maykop-Leyla Tepe)
Armenian Chalcolithic wine-cave with 3500 BCE shoe, winery and ibex petroglyphs.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Harraat Khaybar – Works of the Old Men
Neolithic to Bronze Age · Arabian Neolithic pastoralists
15,000 stone structures on black lava—gates, kites and pendants of Neolithic Arabia (7000–5000 BCE).
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock art
Jubbah Rock Art – Jebel Umm Sinman
Holocene: Neolithic to Bronze Age to Thamudic · Successive Arabian Holocene cultures (hunter-herder to caravaneer)
10,000-year petroglyph palimpsest at Jebel Umm Sinman—UNESCO rock art on a vanished lake shore.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Dime es-Sobai (Soknopaiou Nesos)
Ptolemaic to Roman (3rd c BCE–3rd c CE) · Ptolemaic / Roman Egyptian
Lake Qarun crocodile temple town Dime es-Sobai with 320-m lion dromos to harbour.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Germa (Garama) - Garamantian Capital
Iron Age Saharan to Islamic (900 BCE–600 CE) · Garamantian (Saharan Berber)
6-ha foggara-irrigated Garamantian capital with 500 qanat and 250 tombs in Fezzan heartland.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Sui Xingjin (Xing Jin) Canal — Zhengzhou Segment
Sui to Song (605–1080) · Sui–Tang Imperial (Yang Guang–Li Shimin)
Sui Grand Canal western 40-m prism 605 CE with Tongji wharf and Huiluo Barn harbour, Grand Canal type section.
🇨🇳 China · Hydraulic works
Lingqu Canal – Magic Canal (Xing'an, Guangxi)
Qin to Tang to Qing continuous use · Qin imperial engineers under Shi Lu
214 BCE Qin contour canal—36 km linking Yangtze to Pearl via watershed split and 1,400-year-earlier pound locks.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Moxos – Casarabe Culture Monuments
Late Intermediate, Casarabe culture · Casarabe (Moxos) savanna farmers
1,000 km of causeways + 147 forest-island cities (500–1400 CE) in seasonally flooded Beni savanna.
🇮🇱 Israel · Earthwork
Negev Desert Kites – Har Harif & Avdat
PPNB to Early Bronze Age · Levantine Neolithic pastoral-hunters
100 Negev kites on desert plateau—30-cm walls funneling gazelle into live-capture pens (7000–3000 BCE).
🇳🇪 Niger · Ancient village
Gobero
Early to Middle Holocene (7700–2500 BCE) · Kiffian/AA foragers → Tenerian pastoralists
Gobero lakeside cemeteries tracking 5,000 years of Sahara greening and desertification.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Taposiris Magna (Abusir el-Malk / Abu Sir)
Ptolemaic to Late Roman (3rd c BCE–7th c CE) · Ptolemaic Egyptian / Greek
Lake Mariout harbour-city Taposiris Magna with Osiris temple and Cleopatra-tunnel.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Ancient city
Elephantine Island
Predynastic to Medieval (3500 BCE–10th c CE; peak Old Kingdom and Persian-Jewish) · Ancient Egyptian / Jewish-Aramaic / Nubian
1.8-km cataract island with Khnum temples, nilometer 90 steps and Elephantine Aramaic Jewish papyri archive.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Upano Valley Urban Complex
Formative to Regional Development (500 BCE–600 CE) · Kilamope (Upano) culture; Sangay phase Huapula
Lost Amazon cities (500 BCE–600 CE) under Upano forest—20 towns, 6,000 mounds and 25 km of roads revealed by 2024 LiDAR.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Archaeological wonder
Chemtou (Simitthus)
Numidian to Byzantine (quarry 2nd c BCE–6th c CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Imperial marble quarry source of giallo antico with 80 m high quarry face, loading ramps and bridge over Medjerda.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Temple complex
Temple of Artemis at Sardis
Hellenistic to Roman (300 BCE–150 CE) · Lydian heritage, Seleucid, Attalid and Roman (Sardian polis)
Lydian capital's colossal Ionic Artemision 48×112 m, Hellenistic to Roman pseudodipteral.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Althiburos
Numidian to Byzantine (7th c BCE–7th c CE; peak 2nd c) · Numidian / Punic / Roman / Early Christian
12-ha Dorsale hilltop city with Hadrian arch, forum, and 500+ dolmen necropolis showing Numidian continuity.
🇲🇱 Mali · Archaeological wonder
Bandiagara Escarpment (Land of the Dogon)
Iron Age to Living (700 BCE–present) · Toloy / Tellem / Dogon
150-km 400-m cliff with 700 Tellem caves 11th–16th c, granaries, Dogon villages and Toloy archaeology.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Pupput
Punic to Islamic (6th c BCE–9th c CE; peak 2nd–4th c) · Punic / Roman / Early Christian / Byzantine
1.2-ha rescue site under Hammamet with 3000+ tombs, House of Horses mosaics and Commodan colonia remains.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Rock art
Shuwaymis Rock Art – Jebel al-Manjor
Early Holocene humid to Bronze/Thamudic arid · Neolithic hunter-herders to Thamudic caravaneers
UNESCO escarpment with 300 panels—lions on leashed dogs and savanna fauna from Arabia's humid phase.
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Ancient city
Ulug-Depe
Jeitun (6000) → Anau–Namazga (4500–1800) → BMAC → Achaemenid–Parthian 500 BCE–300 CE · Kopet oasis continuous (Jeitun → BMAC → Persian)
Longest-lived oasis tell in southern Turkmenistan (c.6000 BCE–Medieval) at Dushak north of Kaahka — 15 ha mound 32 m high with continuous 8000-year stratigraphy excavated since 2001 by Olivier…
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Simitthus (Chemtou)
Numidian to Byzantine (5th c BCE-7th c CE; peak 1st-3rd c CE) · Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Giallo antico marble capital with imperial quarries.
🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Sbeitla (Sufetula)
Roman to Early Islamic (Flavian to 7th c; peak 2nd–5th c) · Roman / Berber / Byzantine
Mid-steppe Roman-Byzantine city with triple Capitol temples, olive-press quarter and five Byzantine basilicas.
🇲🇦 Morocco · Ancient village
Taforalt Cave (Grotte des Pigeons)
Middle Paleolithic to Epipalaeolithic (85,000–8,000 BP; cemetery 13,000 BCE) · Aterian / Iberomaurusian
Iberomaurusian cemetery cave Taforalt with oldest African funerary bundle and Natufian-linked DNA.
🇨🇳 China · Ancient city
Jinsha Archaeological Site
Shu Late Bronze 1200–500 BCE · Shu–Sichuan Basin (successor to Sanxingdui)
Late Bronze Age ritual centre (1200–500 BCE) on Modi River at Chengdu, successor to Sanxingdui after its abrupt collapse c.1200 BCE, preserving elite sacrificial pits, gold foil sun-bird foil (now…