🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Bilsk Hillfort – Gelonus
Early Iron Age, Scythian period · Scythian-agrarian (Budini, possibly Geloni Greeks per Herodotus)
4,400-ha 7th-c. BCE Scythian mega-hillfort—largest in Europe, Herodotus's wooden Gelonus candidate.
🇬🇷 Greece · Hydraulic works
Tunnel of Eupalinos (Efpalinos) — Samos Aqueduct
Archaic (600–500 BCE) · Ionian Greek (Samian) — engineer Eupalinos of Megara
Herodotean 1,036-m tunnel 550 BCE dug from both ends with 60 cm meet error.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Temple complex
Labyrinth of Hawara
Middle Kingdom, 12th Dynasty c.1860–1814 BCE · Ancient Egyptian (Amenemhat III)
Herodotus's 3000-room labyrinth beside Faiyum now rubble field.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Barca (Al Marj / El Merj) – Pentapolis Interior Capital
Greek / Roman · Greek (Cyrenean)
Agrarian interior capital of Pentapolis founded 560 BCE by Cyrene exiles, mother of Ptolemais port. Agora terrace, Amun temple, theatre and Hellenistic walls.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient city
Augila (Awjila / Aujila Oasis) – Herodotean Palmgrove
Garamantian / Roman · Libyan / Roman
Date-forest island famed since Herodotus for Ammonite pilgrim routes Siwa→Augila→Garama. Garamantian–Greco–Roman caravanserai with foggara traces and late-antique church; mudbrick town overlies souq.
🇱🇾 Libya · Ancient village
Cinyps (Wadi Ka'am / Khoms Emporion)
Greek / Punic / Roman · Greek then Punic / Roman
Hill of the Graces where Greek Cinyps colony (520 BCE) briefly rivalled Cyrene before Libyan expulsion. Later Tripolitanian olive villa cluster feeding Leptis port; terraces and cisterns.