🇸🇳 Senegal · Buried city
Mapungubwe Hill Annex — Burr (Dakar)
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Classical
Mapungubwe Hill Annex in Burr, Senegal is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) buried city attributed to Classical culture.
🇱🇾 Libya · Buried city
Harlaa Urban Mound East — Fezzan (Sebha)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Harlaa Urban Mound East in Fezzan, Libya is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) buried city attributed to Medieval culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Buried city
Herculaneum
Roman · Roman
Roman seaside town buried under 20 m pyroclastic flow from Vesuvius 79 CE, preserving wooden furniture, upper storeys, frescoes and unique carbonized papyri scrolls (Villa of the Papyri, now being…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Petra
Nabataean to Roman (312 BCE–363 CE earthquake) · Nabataean / Arab
Nabataean caravan city (312 BCE–106 CE) carved into sandstone cliffs: Al-Khazneh Treasury, Theatre, Monastery Ad-Deir, Royal Tombs, and hydraulic system capturing desert flash floods.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
Tell es-Sweyhat (Upper Lake Tabqa Euphrates Town)
Late Chalcolithic through Late Bronze (4400–1200 BCE) · Uruk → EB Syrian city-state → EB IV → Middle Bronze
Tell es-Sweyhat (Upper Lake Tabqa Euphrates Town) is a multi-period tell/ancient village in Raqqa Governorate, Tabqa Lake (Euphrates) east bank, Sweyhat plain, Syria — Euphrates steppe-edge walled…
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Volodymyrivka
Chalcolithic Trypillia BI (4100–3800 BCE) · Cucuteni-Trypillia BI (Tomashivka central)
Volodymyrivka — Trypillia BI mega-site (c.4100–3800 BCE, 100 ha, 800 houses) on Synyukha River, Kirovohrad, SBDI central cluster between Nebelivka and Dobrovody.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Surkotada
Mature Harappan 2600–1700 BCE · Indus Valley (Harappan)
Small fortified mature Harappan town (2600–1700 BCE) in Kutch, 1.4 ha with stone-built citadel and residential area sharing fortification like Kalibangan. Excavated 1964–68 by J.P.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Ancient city
Kampyr Tepe
Hellenistic to Kushan (c.300 BCE–3rd cent CE, candidate Alexander 329 BCE) · Greco-Bactrian → Kushan
Hellenistic–Kushan Oxus fortress — candidate Alexandria on the Oxus (329 BCE) with 'Pompeii' preservation.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Ancient city
Ganweriwala
Mature Harappan (c.2500–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Fifth largest Harappan metropolis (80.5 ha) — un-excavated twin mounds anchoring Cholistan's 414 Harappan sites.
🇸🇾 Syria · Buried city
Silt Sealed Workshop South
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Bronze Age
Silt Sealed Workshop South in Euphrates Valley, Syria is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) buried city attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Buried city
Burr Stone Circles Extension
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Medieval
Burr Stone Circles Extension in Tassili, Algeria is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) buried city attributed to Medieval culture.