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🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze (3500–1550 BCE) · North Syrian Chalcolithic → EBA Amuq → MBA Yamhad/Alalakh
Gedikli Karahöyük North Mound is the northern satellite of the Gedikli Karahöyük complex on the Islahiye plain — famed for its 200-grave EBA cemetery linking Amuq–Cilicia–Euphrates.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
EB → MBA → LBA → Iron Age → Hellenistic (3000–100 BCE) · Euphratean → Hittite → Neo-Hittite/Assyrian
Euphrates tell (EB–Iron, Hittite-Assyrian) — 18 m island mound, Atatürk Dam salvage type-site.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Late Neolithic to Neo-Assyrian (Ubaid → Assyrian) · Halaf-Ubaid → Uruk → Karaz → Hurrian-Mitanni → Assyrian
Bismil Tigris tell (5500 BCE through Iron) with Ubaid→Assyrian 4 m graded sequence — long agrarian continuity through 5.2 and 4.2kya arid events.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Jemdet Nasr to Early Dynastic / Ur III abandonment · Early Dynastic Sumerian
Early Dynastic city-state (c.3000–2300 BCE) famed as home of Utnapishtim/Ziusudra, survivor of the Flood in Gilgamesh and Sumerian Flood story ('Instructions of Shuruppak' wisdom text).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Halaf through EBA; Ubaid peak · Amuq Halaf → Ubaid → Amuq F (L. Chalcolithic–EBA)
Halaf-Ubaid tell (15 ha oval) defining Late Chalcolithic Ubaid north expansion, with tripartite kiln houses and channel-painted ceramics.
🇮🇶 Iraq · Ancient city
Ubaid to Neo-Babylonian · Ubaid → Sumerian → Babylonian
Sumerian sacred city traditionally first city in the world (Sumerian King List), center of god Enki/Ea cult (Abzu).
🇨🇳 China · Archaeological wonder
Western Han Early 202–141 BCE · Han dynasty (Changsha Kingdom)
Family cemetery of Marquess of Dai (Li Cang, Prime Minister of Changsha Kingdom, Western Han, 202 BCE–9 CE) with three rectangular shaft tombs (168–145 BCE).
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
PPNA–PPNB (Taş Tepeler) · Taş Tepeler PPN foragers (Göbekli–Karahan sphere)
Taş Tepeler ridge PPNA enclave (9300–8500 BCE) with T-pillar in round enclosure and terrazzo hamlet — 9th Stone Hill on Karahan ridge.
🇮🇱 Israel · Ancient city
Early Bronze to Iron Age · Canaanite → Egyptian → Israelite
Hilltop Canaanite tel (c.3500–586 BCE) with the Gezer Calendar (10th c. BCE, earliest Hebrew inscription — agricultural almanac) and bronze-age standing-stone alignment: 10 monolithic massebot (up to…
🇵🇪 Peru · Tell
Late Intermediate to Late Horizon (c.1000-1532 CE) · Andean Late Intermediate-Late Horizon (Wari–Inca)
Yachaymarca (Yachay Marca) — buried late tell/village at Ancash Region.
🇸🇾 Syria · Tell
MBA through Classical · Canaanite MBA → Ugaritic Shuksi (LB) → Phoenician → Greek emporion
Syrian coastal harbour tell (Shuksi) with MBA to Greek emporion — MBA Canaanite, LB Mycenaean imports and Phoenician Euboean emporion, Danish 1958 dig.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
EBA through Iron Age; MBA peak · Yamhad (Aleppo) vassal; Syro-Hittite → Assyrian
MBA palace city (Zalwar?) with basalt lion gate, cuneiform archive and planned lower town — Yamhad-period vassal capital in Islahiye corridor.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Roman to Umayyad (3rd–8th c CE; Byzantine peak 5th–8th c) · Roman / Byzantine / Ghassanid / Umayyad
Desert frontier city on Via Nova Traiana, Umm ar-Rasas contains Roman castrum, five Byzantine churches with superb mosaic floors, and the intact 14×6 m mosaic map in St Stephen's Church (718 CE) –…
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Pre-Harappan to Mature Harappan to Late (~6500–1900 BCE; urban peak 2600–1900 BCE) · Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan, Hakra–Ghaggar)
Spread across seven mounds over 550 ha, Rakhigarhi surpasses Mohenjo-daro as the largest Harappan settlement, straddling the dried Ghaggar (Saraswati) river.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Chalcolithic to Iron Age to Medieval · Anatolian Halaf-Ubaid → EBA → Hittite → Phrygian
Large stratified tell (Chalcolithic c.4000 BCE to Phrygian/Medieval, peak EBA–Iron) controlling Kanak Su pass between Kültepe and Hattusa.
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Ancient city
Protohistoric Funan to Chenla (c.400 BCE–800 CE, peak 2nd–7th cent CE) · Funan (Mekong Delta Oc Eo–Angkor Borei)
Funan delta capital (400 BCE–800 CE) — 300 ha moated brick city with Phnom Da hill temples and earliest Khmer Vishnu.
🇺🇸 United States · Tell
Ancestral Puebloan (c.600-1300 CE) · Anasazi/Puebloan (Basketmaker to Pueblo III)
Keet Seel Cliff Dwelling — buried ancestral tell/village at Arizona.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hellenistic to Sassanid sack 252 CE · Seleucid → Roman → Parthian frontier
Twin Hellenistic foundation (Seleucia on Euphrates + Apamea opposite) bridging the Euphrates by Alexander's engineers, Roman legionary base and Parthian toll city (wealth from Euphrates crossing).
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Trypillia C1 · Cucuteni-Trypillia
Largest Cucuteni-Trypillia mega-site (c.3900–3600 BCE, 200 ha mapped core but estimates to 450 ha, perhaps 46,000 houses phases, peak 12–15k inhabitants), direct neighbour to Talianki forming…
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Hellenistic to Roman (Palmyrene Empire interlude) · Aramaean Palmyrene → Roman
Desert oasis emporium on Silk Road (1st c. BCE–273 CE) — 'Bride of the Desert' — caravans of Queen Zenobia who challenged Rome (267–272 CE, sacked by Aurelian).
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Chalcolithic Trypillia BI (4100–3800 BCE) · Cucuteni-Trypillia BI (Tomashivka central)
Volodymyrivka — Trypillia BI mega-site (c.4100–3800 BCE, 100 ha, 800 houses) on Synyukha River, Kirovohrad, SBDI central cluster between Nebelivka and Dobrovody.
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Savalda → Late Harappan → Daimabad → Malwa → Jorwe 2300–1000 BCE · Late Harappan intrusive over Deccan Chalcolithic
Southernmost Harappan outpost (2200–1000 BCE) on Pravara River in Maharashtra, 20 ha mound famous for Daimabad hoard — four Late Harappan bronze sculptures (elephant, rhinoceros, chariot and bull,…
🇮🇳 India · Ancient city
Mature Harappan 2600–1700 BCE · Indus Valley (Harappan)
Small fortified mature Harappan town (2600–1700 BCE) in Kutch, 1.4 ha with stone-built citadel and residential area sharing fortification like Kalibangan. Excavated 1964–68 by J.P.
🇸🇾 Syria · Ancient city
Chalcolithic to Mitanni-Akkadian to Late Bronze · North Mesopotamian (Uruk → Akkadian → Hurrian)
Huge early city ('city without a state' per Oates) occupied 6000 BCE–1300 CE, peaking as Nagar kingdom (2600–2200 BCE) with Mitanni palace (1500 BCE) and Akkadian Naram-Sin palace.
