🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Tasmola Kurgans
Early Iron Age Tasmola 800-300 BCE · Tasmola Saka (western Saka)
Tasmola culture earthen kurgans (800-300 BCE) with 12-m dromoi catacombs, western Saka type-site at Karaganda.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Taldy-2 Royal Kurgan (Taldy II — Tasmola Arystan)
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola, 9th–8th c BCE) · Tasmola early Saka (Central Kazakhstan)
Largest Tasmola mound (60 m, 820–780 BCE) with 430-gold elite couple — contemporary with Arzhan 1.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Besshatyr Central Row Mound 8 (Besshatyr Row 1 Mound 8, Altyn-Emel)
Early Saka Semirechye (590 BCE) — Besshatyr central row · Saka Semirechye (Issyk–Besshatyr eastern Saka)
72 m semi-royal central row mound 8 at 640 m: larch chamber 89 gold + burnt outer house, linking south/north dynasty rows.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kyrykoba Kurgan
Early Iron Age, Sarmato-Saka Caspian · Sarmato-Saka Caspian lowland
Sarmato-Saka royal kurgan (480 BCE) at -5 m Caspian depression with mudbrick vault and female elite griffin headdress, lowest kurgan globally.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Boralday South Picket Row Kurgans (Boralday Southern Alignment Picket)
Late Saka to Wusun transition (180–100 BCE) · Saka late–Wusun transition (Boralday south picket)
5 south picket kurgans 18–26 m spaced 90 m: boundary sentinels with Han silk 140 BCE earliest silk in Kazakhstan.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Saryarka Khirigsuur Field
Late Bronze Age, Saryarka khirigsuur 1400-800 BCE · Andronovo to Deer Stone-Khirigsuur transitional
35 Bronze Age khirigsuurs (1400-800 BCE) on Saryarka steppe, westernmost Deer Stone-Khirigsuur province 1500 km west of Mongolia.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kumsay Ridge Kurgans (Aktobe Kumsay Steppe Crests)
Early to Middle Sarmatian (550–350 BCE) · Sauromatian to Sarmatian Kobda ridge (Uil–Khobda interfluve)
7 Sarmatian ridge kurgans 22–48 m linear 12 km crest: mirror bronze and gold child burial — winter pasture beacon.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Earthwork
Ustyurt Plateau Desert Kites – Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan
Early Iron Age to Early Medieval · Sarmatian, Alan and early Turkic steppe groups
200 Ustyurt steppe kites (1000 BCE–500 CE) funneling saiga across the Aral–Caspian plateau.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Besshatyr Royal Necropolis (Royal Mound 6 — Altyn-Emel, Semirechye)
Early Iron Age (Saka, 600–400 BCE) · Saka of Semirechye (Issyk–Besshatyr, eastern Saka)
31-mound Saka royal necropolis (600–400 BCE) — Ili River's 'Five Tents' with 105-m royal mound and log house.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Geoglyph
Ustyurt Karynzharyk Kite Field (Mangystau)
Late Neolithic to Early Bronze (Kelteminar-Bozashy) · Ustyurt steppe Kelteminar
Central Asian steppe-kite province on the Ustyurt chalk plateau (160 m, 44°12′N 54°12′E) in the 40 m deep Karynzharyk karst depression (Ustyurt Biosphere).
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Hillfort
Negev Kite Enclosure West
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Local Neolithic
Negev Kite Enclosure West in Steppe, Kazakhstan is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) hillfort attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Geoglyph
Beothuk Wigwam Post North — Steppe (Astana)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Local Neolithic
Beothuk Wigwam Post North in Steppe, Kazakhstan is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) geoglyph attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Earthwork
Yamna Kurgan Circle South
Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) · Medieval
Yamna Kurgan Circle South in Steppe, Kazakhstan is a Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 BCE) earthwork attributed to Medieval culture.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Kyrykoba Kurgan Field — Sarmatian Royal Cemetery (Aktobe, West Kazakhstan)
Early to Middle Sarmatian (Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian, 500–350 BCE) · Sauromatian–Early Sarmatian (Prokhorovka transitional)
40+ Sarmatian royal mounds (5th–4th c BCE) with 820-g gold torque and Amazon warrior — West Kazakh Ural steppe.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Korgantas Tasmola Kurgan 1 — Karaganda Tasmola Type-Site
Early Iron Age (Early Saka, Tasmola culture, 8th–5th c BCE) · Tasmola (early Saka, Central Kazakhstan)
Tasmola royal dromos kurgan (760–520 BCE) 45 m — eponymous early Saka mound with 200 gold plaques.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Kurgan
Aktobe Batpak Kurgan Field (Batpak Steppe Line)
Sauromatian to Early Sarmatian (700–400 BCE) · Sauromatian
Linear alignment of 15 kurgans over 2.8 km on Ilek River upper terrace Batpak steppe (190 m) with diameters 16–38 m, heights 1.2–3.5 m, spaced 120–220 m (Sauromatian ‘street’ necropolis).