🇷🇺 Russia · Geoglyph
Alta Trail Carving East
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Alta Trail Carving East in South Siberia, Russia is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) geoglyph attributed to Medieval culture.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Geoglyph
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East — Gobi (Ulaanbaatar)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Iron Age
Steppe Kite Desert Gate East in Gobi, Mongolia is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Earthwork
Small Step Pyramid East — Moche Valley (Trujillo)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Small Step Pyramid East in Moche Valley, Peru is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) earthwork attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Paramonga Fortress Pyramid
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Paramonga Fortress Pyramid in Nubia, Nigeria is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) earthwork attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Effigy Mounds National Monument
Late Woodland 500–1200 CE, effigies c.700–1100 CE · Late Woodland (Ancestral Ioway/Ho-Chunk?)
31 bear-and-bird effigy mounds marching on Mississippi bluff.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Silbury Hill South Spur — Waden Hill Causeway
Late Neolithic (2400–2300 BCE) · Beaker / Late Neolithic
Southern approach terraces excavated by Atkinson 1968–70, linking Silbury to West Kennet causewayed enclosure, view from 800 m.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Fort Hill Earthwork and Nature Preserve
Hopewell Middle Woodland 100–400 CE · Hopewell tradition
14.6 ha hilltop enclosure 2.4 km wall, 33 gateways.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Plum Bayou Mounds
Late Woodland Plum Bayou 650–1050 CE (Baytown-Coles Creek to Mississippian transition) · Plum Bayou (Baytown/Coles Creek, Late Woodland Arkansas)
Premier Late Woodland platform mound center: 18 mounds (tallest Mound A 12 m) enclosing 16 ha plaza with embankment ditch and astronomical causeway aligned to 1-degree solar solstice.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Wickliffe Mounds State Historic Site
Mississippian 1000–1350 CE · Mississippian (Wickliffe phase)
Eight-mound Mississippian town 1000–1350 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Ingomar Mound
Middle Woodland Miller culture 100–600 CE · Miller (Woodland)
Isolated conical mound 25 ft/7.6 m high, 70 ft/21 m diameter, tallest extant Woodland mound in north Mississippi.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Thornborough Henges
Late Neolithic (3500–2500 BCE) · Grooved Ware
Thornborough Henges in North Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom is a Late Neolithic (3500–2500 BCE) earthwork attributed to Grooved Ware culture.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Danebury Hillfort
Iron Age (550 BCE–100 CE) · Iron Age Wessex (Atrebates)
Type-site Iron Age hillfort (c. 550 BCE) covering 5 hectares on a chalk ridge north-west of Winchester.
🇺🇸 United States · Archaeological wonder
Chaco Culture National Historical Park
Pueblo II–III 850–1250 CE (Chacoan fluorescence 1020–1140) · Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) / Chacoan
Chacoan canyon with 15 monumental Great Houses (Pueblo Bonito 650 rooms, 35 kivas) and engineered roads, built 850–1150 CE by Ancestral Puebloans as ritual and trade center for San Juan Basin,…
🇱🇦 Laos · Megalith
Plain of Jars
Iron Age 500 BCE – 500 CE (some lids to 800 CE) · Unknown Austroasiatic? Ancestors of Lao-Tai
Megalithic landscape of >90 sites with >2,100 large carved sandstone jars (1–3 m tall, up to 14 t) scattered across Xiangkhouang plateau, carved 500 BCE–500 CE, associated with mortuary rites and…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre Geoglyphs (Geoglifos do Acre)
Pre-Columbian 1–1500 CE · Acre / Xinguano tradition
Hundreds of large ditched enclosures (squares, circles, U-shapes) revealed since 1977 by deforestation, built by pre-Columbian Amazonian cultures using forest clearance, dated 1–1500 CE, associated…
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Earthwork
Upano — Copueno Tributary Hypothetical Mound Field
Hypothesized Upano Formative vs modern agricultural if real · Hypothesized Upano (if verified) vs mechanized rice farmers
Hypothetical Copueno floodplain raised fields — 45 linear ridges on active floodplain 2.1 km west of verified cluster.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks
Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks are a World Heritage Site in the United States preserving eight monumental earthworks constructed by the Hopewell tradition.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Casma-Sechin Geoglyphs
Initial Period to Early Intermediate (Sechin-Recuay) · Casma-Sechin / Recuay
Initial Period desert geoglyphs (1800-1000 BCE) on Casma pampa: feline and anthropomorph lines precursing Nazca.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Ancient city
Upano — Huapula Southern Platform at Sangay South
Formative to Regional Development (500 BCE–1400 CE) · Kilamope (Upano) culture; Sangay phase Huapula
Southern Huapula platform of Upano — 22 mounds and drained fields at Huapula–Upano confluence, Sangay south gate.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones Ravine Geoglyphs (Quebrada de Camarones)
Late Intermediate (Arica–Tarapacá) · Camarones–Azapa valley folk
Ravine-terrace geoglyphs with white-gravel double-square corrals: 22 figures above the Chinchorro coast.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
AlUla South Mustatil Cluster
Late Neolithic Arabian mustatil horizon · Northwest Arabian pastoralists
14 mustatil enclosures (5180-5050 BCE) at AlUla-Sharaan, densest sandstone cluster with betyl solstice alignment.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Tumulus
Saryarka Khirigsuur Field
Late Bronze Age, Saryarka khirigsuur 1400-800 BCE · Andronovo to Deer Stone-Khirigsuur transitional
35 Bronze Age khirigsuurs (1400-800 BCE) on Saryarka steppe, westernmost Deer Stone-Khirigsuur province 1500 km west of Mongolia.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Jabal Wisad East Fallout Kites (Eastern Piedmont Debris Fan)
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Late to Pottery Neolithic (7000–6000 BCE) · Wisad east fan pastoral hunters
9 eastern tephra-fan kites 685 m: Y-branch walls 180–420 m and oval pens with desert wheels and fossilized hoof prints.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sadd al-Arim Secondary Dam
Sabaean Kingdom 750 BCE - 570 CE · Sabaean (Saba) kingdom
750 BCE Sabaean secondary saddle dam (420 m) and north sluice extension of Marib, doubling irrigated area via 2.1 km north canal.