🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Angel Mounds State Historic Site
Mississippian 1000–1450 CE · Mississippian (Angel phase)
42 ha Mississippian walled town 1000–1450 CE.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Foster Mounds
Coles Creek 700–1200 CE to Plaquemine 1200–1500 CE · Coles Creek–Plaquemine (Troyville to Mississippian transition Louisiana)
Five-mound complex on Little River near Harrisonburg: largest flat-topped Mound A 8 m high with causeway to plaza, four smaller mounds enclosing 1.5 ha plaza.
🇳🇬 Nigeria · Earthwork
Sungbo's Eredo (Ogun) – Yoruba's 160-km Earthwork Rampart
Late Iron Age / Yoruba (Ijebu) · Ijebu Yoruba (Oloye Bilikisu Sungbo tradition)
Largest single monument in Africa: 160 km curvilinear ditch-and-bank snaking 20 m deep through rainforest around medieval Ijebu kingdom (800–1000 CE, Darling charcoal).
🇸🇩 Sudan · Earthwork
Tepe Sialk Platform A — Meroe (Meroe)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Tepe Sialk Platform A in Meroe, Sudan is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) earthwork attributed to Iron Age culture. Systematic survey and LiDAR document architectural phasing and stratified deposits.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Alligator Mound
Late Woodland / Fort Ancient 800–1200 CE · Fort Ancient (Late Woodland)
Effigy mound 205 ft/62 m long, 4–6 ft high, head oriented SW tail NE, depicting an opossum/underwater panther effigy on bluff south of Granville. Listed NRHP 1971.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Troyville Earthworks
Woodland Troyville culture 400–700 CE peak (with Baytown 100 BCE–400 CE foundations) · Baytown / Troyville-Coles Creek (Woodland to early Mississippian)
Nine-mound complex at Jonesville where 21st Louisiana's tallest pre-Columbian mound (Great Mound, 82 ft) stood until levee leveling. Baytown-Troyville-Coles Creek sequence with plaza and embankment.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Maiden Castle
Iron Age (800 BCE–43 CE), over Neolithic causewayed enclosure · Durotriges (British Iron Age)
Massive Iron Age hillfort enclosing 47 acres on a chalk ridge south of Dorchester, developed from a Neolithic causewayed enclosure (c. 3350 BCE) into a multivallate fort with complex entrances by c.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Bynum Mounds
Middle Woodland Miller culture Hopewell horizon 100 BCE–100 CE · Miller (Hopewell)
Six mounds at Natchez Trace Milepost 232.4 including large flat-topped Mound A and conical burial Mound B (10 ft high) with crematory basin and greenstone artifacts.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Maiden Castle Dorset — Western Rampart Sector
Iron Age (600 BCE–43 CE) · Durotriges
Dorset's type-site excavated by Wheeler 1934–37, war cemetery 52 burials from Vespasian's 43 CE siege, Neolithic causewayed enclosure underlying.
🇫🇷 France · Earthwork
Mont Lassois — Vix Princely Tomb Hillfort
Hallstatt D (550–450 BCE) · Hallstatt Celtic (Vix princess)
Châtillonnais hillfort famous for Vix princess tomb 1953, largest Greek bronze krater (1100 L), gold torc 480 g, excavated by Joffroy.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Tre'r Ceiri Hillfort Lleyn Peninsula
Iron Age (200 BCE–100 CE) · Ordovices
Mountain-top hut-village hillfort on Yr Eifl summit, intact curtain wall to chest height, excavated 1906/1956, views to Snowdonia and Ireland.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Tremper Mound and Earthwork
Hopewell 100–500 CE · Hopewell tradition
Effigy mound with 136 portrait pipes, Hopewell 100–300 CE.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Cissbury Ring
Neolithic to Iron Age (4000 BCE–400 BCE) · Neolithic miners / Iron Age
Cissbury Ring in West Sussex, South Downs, United Kingdom is a Neolithic to Iron Age (4000 BCE–400 BCE) hillfort attributed to Neolithic miners / Iron Age culture.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Old Oswestry Hillfort Shropshire
Iron Age (800 BCE–43 CE) · Cornovii
Shropshire's most spectacular hillfort excavated by Varley 1939–40 atop hill with 3-circuit ramparts and ritual pits, view over Welsh Marches.
🇨🇳 China · Archaeological wonder
Great Wall of China (Ancient Segments)
Warring States to Han Dynasty 7th c BCE – 220 CE (early segments); Ming 1368–1644 (classic brick) · Han Chinese (Qin, Han dynasties)
World's longest wall system (21,196 km including branches) with earliest rammed-earth frontier walls from Warring States and Han (7th c BCE–2nd c CE) preserved in Gansu corridor (Han Dunhuang walls),…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Whitehawk Camp
Early Neolithic (3650–3350 BCE) · Neolithic causewayed
Whitehawk Camp in East Sussex, South Coast, United Kingdom is a Early Neolithic (3650–3350 BCE) earthwork attributed to Neolithic causewayed culture.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Oldbury Hillfort
Iron Age (700–100 BCE) · British Iron Age (Kentish)
Oldbury Hillfort in Kent, South East England, United Kingdom is a Iron Age (700–100 BCE) hillfort attributed to British Iron Age (Kentish) culture.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Thornborough Henges — Central Henge
Late Neolithic · Late Neolithic Yorkshire
Central of three Neolithic henges at Thornborough (c. 3500–2500 BCE), 240 m diameter earthwork with outer bank and inner ditch aligned with northern and southern henges on River Ure terrace.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Shrum Mound
Early Woodland Adena to Early Hopewell transition · Adena
Adena conical mound (20 ft/6 m high, 100 ft/30 m diameter) preserved in Campbell Park, Columbus — one of few surviving mounds in Ohio's capital city.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Silbury Hill — Avebury Landscape
Late Neolithic · Late Neolithic Wessex
Largest prehistoric artificial mound in Europe (c. 2400 BCE), 39.3 m high conical chalk mound in Avebury World Heritage Site.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Seip Earthworks
Hopewell 1–500 CE · Hopewell tradition
121-acre Hopewell circle-square with 335 m Great Circle and Seip-Pricer mound, UNESCO 2023.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Great Serpent Mound
Disputed: either Adena 320 BCE–200 CE or Fort Ancient 1070–1200 CE (latest C14 favors Fort Ancient 1120 CE) · Adena culture or Fort Ancient culture
Quarter-mile (411 m) effigy mound in shape of serpent with oval head swallowing an egg, 3 ft high, coiled tail atop meteor-crater plateau above Ohio Brush Creek, largest surviving effigy mound in…
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Vitor Valley Pampa Geoglyphs (Corire–La Cano Sector)
Sihuas–Wari to Late Intermediate · Vitor–Sihuas valley people
Vitor pampa geoglyphs between Arequipa and Majes: 21 etched figures with radial avenues to spring wetland.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Earthwork
Armenian Desert Kites – Mount Aragats & Syunik
Bronze Age to Early Iron Age · Kura-Araxes to Trialeti pastoralists
20 high-altitude kites on Mount Aragats (3000–800 BCE)—Caucasus extension 1,200 km from Levant.