🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Maitland's Mesa Kite Enclosure (Maitland's Hillfort Mesa)
PPNB to Late Neolithic · Harrat pastoral foragers
Historic type-site where RAF pilot Maitland coined 'desert kite' (1927): 11 kites and cairn chain on basalt mesa.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Earthwork
Carn Ingli Hillfort
Iron Age (c.500 BCE–100 CE) with Bronze Age cairn · Iron Age Welsh (Demetae) / Early Medieval
Rocky tor-top hillfort (343 m) above Newport — stone-rampart contour fort with hut circles on Mynydd Carningli.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Ancient city
Bilsk Hillfort – Gelonus
Early Iron Age, Scythian period · Scythian-agrarian (Budini, possibly Geloni Greeks per Herodotus)
4,400-ha 7th-c. BCE Scythian mega-hillfort—largest in Europe, Herodotus's wooden Gelonus candidate.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Hill of Tara
Neolithic to Early Medieval (c.3400 BCE–1200 CE) · Neolithic → Iron Age La Tène → Early Medieval Gaelic
Ireland's paramount ceremonial landscape (142 ha) — Neolithic tomb, Lia Fáil kingship stone and Iron Age royal enclosure complex.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Grianan of Aileach
Iron Age to Early Medieval (c.1000 BCE–1100 CE) · Iron Age Gaelic → Early Medieval Uí Néill
Donegal hilltop royal cashel (23.5 m diameter) on Greenan Mountain — northern Uí Néill kingship inauguration fort.
🇮🇪 Ireland · Earthwork
Dún Aonghasa
Late Bronze Age to Early Medieval (c.1100 BCE–800 CE) · Atlantic Iron Age / Early Medieval Gaelic
Cliff-edge triple stone fort on Inishmore (6 ha) with massive chevaux-de-frise of jagged limestone — Ireland's most dramatic hillfort.
🇱🇻 Latvia · Earthwork
Aizkraukle Hillfort on the Daugava
Viking Age to Middle Ages (800–1255 CE) · Latgallian / Semigallian → Livonian Order
Aizkraukle Hillfort on the Daugava in Vidzeme, Aizkraukle Municipality, Daugava right bank, Latvia is a Viking Age to Middle Ages (800–1255 CE) Latgallian / Semigallian → Livonian Order site built…
🇱🇻 Latvia · Earthwork
Mežotne Hillfort on the Lielupe
Viking Age to Middle Ages (9th–13th c.) · Semigallian / Livonian Order
Mežotne Hillfort on the Lielupe in Zemgale, Bauska Municipality, Mežotne on Lielupe, Latvia is a Viking Age to Middle Ages (9th–13th c.) Semigallian / Livonian Order site built 9th c.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Spruce Hill Earthworks
Middle Woodland / Late Woodland debated · Hopewell tradition or Fort Ancient tradition
Hilltop stone-walled enclosure 42 ha above Paint Creek; Hopewell vs Fort Ancient debate.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Earthwork
Torsburgen Hillfort (Gotland)
Early Iron Age to Viking Age (c.300 BCE–1100 CE) · Gotlandic Iron Age / Viking Age
Largest hillfort in Scandinavia at 1.2 km² plateau fortified by 2 km limestone wall across the narrow neck of a 67 m high limestone plateau.