🇪🇸 Spain · Ancient village
Los Millares Fortified Settlement
Chalcolithic · Los Millares culture
Los Millares Fortified Settlement at Andalusia, Almería, Spain is a Chalcolithic ancient village of the Los Millares culture tradition, built c.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Enclosure East — Djenné-Jeno (57-07)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Enclosure East — Djenné-Jeno (57-07) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Eastern Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-23)
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Eastern Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-23) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Bronze Age (regional) ancient city of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Lower Djenné-Jeno Terrace North — Djenné-Jeno (57-19)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Lower Djenné-Jeno Terrace North — Djenné-Jeno (57-19) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Medieval (regional) ancient city of the Medieval tradition, built c. 1200 BCE for terrace and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Inner Bayuda Fortress West — Bayuda (57-18)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Inner Bayuda Fortress West — Bayuda (57-18) at Bayuda, Sudan is a Classical (regional) ancient city of the Classical tradition, built c. 3000 BCE for fortress and associated settlement.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Ancient city
Eastern Axum Citadel Central — Axum (57-24)
Neolithic (regional) · Neolithic
Eastern Axum Citadel Central — Axum (57-24) at Axum, Ethiopia is a Neolithic (regional) ancient city of the Neolithic tradition, built c. 400 BCE for citadel and associated settlement.
🇸🇩 Sudan · Ancient city
Southern Bayuda Reservoir B — Bayuda (57-05)
Iron Age (regional) · Iron Age
Southern Bayuda Reservoir B — Bayuda (57-05) at Bayuda, Sudan is a Iron Age (regional) ancient city of the Iron Age tradition, built c. 800 BCE for reservoir and associated settlement.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Ancient city
Basta Late PPNB Town Two Storey
Late PPNB · Late PPNB Mega-site
Basta Late PPNB Town Two Storey at Ma'an, Basta, Jordan is a Late PPNB ancient city of the Late PPNB Mega-site tradition, built c. 7000 BCE for mega-site town 14 ha two-storey houses.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Harbetsuvan
Neolithic–Iron Age (c.5500–600 BCE) · Amuq → Syro-Cilician → Neo-Hittite
Amik fringe tell (Neolithic–Iron Age, 10 m high, basalt-footed EB enclosure) in Kırıkhan plain.
🇺🇸 United States · Fortified settlement
Angel Mounds — Stockade North Gate (Evansville)
Late Bronze to Iron Age (1300–400 BCE) · Late Bronze fortified; Mississippian
Angel Mounds — Stockade North Gate (Evansville) in Indiana, Vanderburgh County, Angel Mounds, United States is a Late Bronze to Iron Age (1300–400 BCE) for…
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortified settlement
Heuneburg — Outer Settlement Quartier Southwest
Late Bronze to Iron Age (1300–400 BCE) · Late Bronze fortified
Heuneburg — Outer Settlement Quartier Southwest in Baden-Württemberg, Herbertingen, Germany is a Late Bronze to Iron Age (1300–400 BCE) fortified settlemen…
🇪🇸 Spain · Megalith
Los Millares
Chalcolithic (Copper Age) · Los Millares culture
Copper Age fortified town near Almería (3200-2200 BCE) with walls, aqueduct and 80 tholos tombs defining Los Millares culture.
🇵🇱 Poland · Hillfort
Santok Early Polish Stronghold
Early Medieval (7th–1260 CE) · Polanian / Piast Poland
Strategic Piast stronghold nicknamed Custos Poloniae (Guard of Poland) at Warta–Noteć confluence isthmus, with massive 8-phase ramparts (7th–13th c) enclosing 0.8 ha hillfort plus 10 ha outer town,…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Tell
Khirbat al-Mudayna
Iron Age (c.800–600 BCE; Moabite 800–600) · Moabite ( contemporary with Dibon, ruler Mesha? )
Khirbat al-Mudayna al-Aliya is a one-period enclosed Iron Age Moabite town (30 ha with 900-m casemate wall, 40 houses, sanctuary and reservoirs) — best-preserve...
🇱🇻 Latvia · Hillfort
Tērvete Hillfort
Iron Age to 1286 CE (Semigallian) · Semigallian
Zemgale's greatest Semigallian hillfort complex at Tērvete — three hillforts (Wooden Castle Hill 35 m, Swede Hill, Kloster Hill) plus 1000+ barrow cemetery.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Hillfort
Libice nad Cidlinou Slavník Stronghold
Early Medieval (9th–995 CE) · Slavník / Přemyslid Bohemia
Great Slavník hillfort capital at Libice (Libice nad Cidlinou) on Elbe–Cidlina confluence (25 ha inner 10 ha) with triple ramparts (7 m high, 40 m base), stone church and palace hall.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Hillfort
Motronyn Hillfort
Scythian (7th–4th century BCE, peak 500 BCE) · Scythian Forest-Steppe
Massive Scythian hillfort (205 ha) deep in Kholodnyi Yar oak forest near Chyhyryn, with massive earthen ramparts 8 m high enclosing sacred settlement and cemetery. Excavated by M.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Hillfort
Levý Hradec Přemyslid Stronghold
Early Medieval (c.882–955) · Přemyslid Bohemia (Great Moravian echo)
Earliest Přemyslid stronghold (Levý Hradec) on Vltava promontory at Roztoky 10 km north of Prague — circular rampart 100×80 m, wooden hall and the 884 St.
🇨🇿 Czech Republic · Hillfort
Stará Kouřim Hillfort
Early Medieval (9th–early 12th century) · Zličan / Přemyslid
Prominent Zličan tribal hillfort at Stará Kouřim (44 ha plateau with double ramparts, gate complex) above Kouřim valley 50 km east Prague, mentioned in Dalimil Chronicle.
🇸🇰 Slovakia · Hillfort
Ducové–Kostolec Great Moravian Hillfort
Great Moravian (9th century, 830–907) · Great Moravian Slavic
Great Moravian hillfort on Kostolec hill (290 m) above Váh valley at Ducové, with double ramparts (6 m) enclosing 1.8 ha, stone rotunda church (discovered 1968) and magnate hall. Slovak-T.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Castell Henllys Inner Rampart
Iron Age (600–100 BCE) · Iron Age
Castell Henllys Inner Rampart in Pembrokeshire, Crymych, United Kingdom is a Iron Age (600–100 BCE) hillfort attributed to Iron Age.
🇲🇱 Mali · Ancient city
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-01)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Sacred Djenné-Jeno Village West — Djenné-Jeno (57-01) at Djenné-Jeno, Mali is a Chalcolithic (regional) ancient city of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c.
🇺🇦 Ukraine · Kurgan
Mykhailivka (Mikhaylovka) — Yamnaya type site
Lower Eneolithic → Repin → Classic Yamnaya (Pit Grave) · Sredny Stog / Trypillia → Repin → Yamnaya (Pit Grave culture)
Yamnaya triple settlement on Dnieper (3600–2600 BCE) — Lower Trypillian fort, Middle Repin–Yamnaya ditch and Upper Yamnaya town with adjacent Pit Grave kurgans, birthplace of Yamnaya culture.
🇵🇱 Poland · Fortified settlement
Wiślica Early Medieval Stronghold
Great Moravian to Piast (9th–12th century) · Vistulan / Piast Poland
Vistulan tribal hillfort and Piast stronghold at Wiślica on Nida (4 ha) with massive 9th c baptismal basin (4.5 m oval plastered tub debated as Great Moravian Methodius mission 880) under later…