🇮🇶 Iraq · Fortress
Citadel of Erbil
The Citadel of Erbil (Kurdish: قەڵای هەولێر Qelay Hewlêr, Arabic: قلعة اربيل, romanized: Qal'at Erbīl), locally called Qellat, is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of Erbil in…
🇷🇸 Serbia · Fortress
Belgrade Fortress
The Belgrade Fortress (Serbian: Београдска тврђава, Beogradska tvrđava, Hungarian: Nándorfehérvár) is a cultural monument in Belgrade, Serbia in the municipality of Stari Grad.
🇰🇵 North Korea · Fortress
Chongbang Fortress
Jŏngbang Castle (Korean: 정방산성) is a Koguryo-era mountain fortress located outside Sariwŏn, North Hwanghae Province, North Korea. Cresting the ridges of Mt.
🇷🇴 Romania · Fortress
Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains
Built in murus dacicus style, the six Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains (Romanian: Cetăți dacice din Munții Orăștiei), in Romania, were created in the 1st centuries BC and AD as protection…
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Artaxata
Artashat (Armenian: Արտաշատ), Hellenized as Artaxata (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτάξατα) and Artaxiasata (Ἀρταξιάσατα), was a major city and commercial center of ancient Armenia that served as the capital of…
🇪🇸 Spain · Fortress
Castle of Bullas
The castle of Bullas is a castle located in Peña Rubia de Cehegín, Bullas, Murcia. Of muslim origin, it was built between the XII and XIII centuries, before the Castillian conquest.
🇮🇹 Italy · Fortress
Castello di Punta Pagana
The Castello di Punta Pagana is a 17th-century fort located on the homonymous Punta Pagana, within the grounds of Villa Pagana in Rapallo, within the Metropolitan City of Genoa in Italy.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Fortress
Argištiḫinili
Argištiḫinili (Urartian: ar-gi-iš-ti-ḫi-ni-li) was a town in the ancient kingdom of Urartu, established during the expansion of the Urartians in the Transcaucasus under their king Argishti I, and…
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortress
Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest
The Baroque fortifications in the Black Forest (German: Barocke Verteidigungsanlagen im Schwarzwald), also called Baroque Schanzen (Barockschanzen) or Black Forest lines (Schwarzwaldlinien), are…
🇸🇾 Syria · Fortress
Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa
The Cathedral of Our Lady of Tortosa (Arabic: كاتدرائية طرطوس) was a Catholic cathedral in the city of Tartus, Syria.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Fortress
Çavuştepe — Upper Citadel Store Room (Urartu)
Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) · Iron Age fortified culture
Çavuştepe — Upper Citadel Store Room (Urartu) in Van, Gürpınar, Çavuştepe, Turkey is a Iron Age to Classical (700 BCE–300 CE) fortress attributed to Iron A…
🇸🇾 Syria · Fortress
Chastel Rouge
Chastel Rouge, also called Qal’at Yahmur (Arabic: قلعة يحمور, Castle of Yahmur), is a small Crusader stronghold in the North West of Syria that belonged to the County of Tripoli.
🇵🇱 Poland · Fortress
Golub Castle
Golub Castle (Polish: Zamek w Golubiu) is a four-wing conventional Teutonic fortress built at the turn of the fourteenth century, built on a hill as a look-out point over the whole town of…
🇱🇧 Lebanon · Fortress
Hasbaya
Hasbaya or Hasbeiya (Arabic: حاصبيا, romanized: Ḥāṣbayā) is a municipality in Lebanon, situated at the foot of Mount Hermon, overlooking a deep amphitheatre from which a brook flows to the Hasbani…
🇦🇱 Albania · Fortress
Fortress of Krujë
The Fortress of Krujë (Albanian: Kalaja e Krujës) is a fortress in the city of Krujë, Albania and the center of Skanderbeg's rebellion against the Ottoman Empire.
🇩🇪 Germany · Fortress
Blankenhagen Castle
Blankenhagen Castle (German: Burg Blankenhagen) was a lowland castle (Niederungsburg), whose ruins are located by the River Aller near Grethem in Lower Saxony, Germany.
🇵🇹 Portugal · Fortress
Castle of Castelo Branco
The Castle of Castelo Branco (Portuguese: Castelo de Castelo Branco) is a Portuguese medieval castle in civil parish of Castelo Branco, in the municipality of the same name, in the Centro district of…
🇪🇪 Estonia · Fortress
Haapsalu Castle
Haapsalu Castle (also Haapsalu Episcopal Castle, Estonian: Haapsalu piiskopilinnus, or more simply Bishop's Castle) is a castle with cathedral in Haapsalu, Estonia, founded in the thirteenth century…
🇱🇾 Libya · Fortress
Ghat — Fortress of Cucch Behmode Acacus Border Post
Italian colonial (1930s) over Garamantian earlier Tifinagh graffiti hill · Garamantian Tuareg → Italian colonial
Ghat hill Tifinagh documented by Reichelt 1990s, Garamantian border post.
🇱🇹 Lithuania · Fortress
Kaunas Castle
Medieval (1361–1441) · Grand Duchy of Lithuania / Teutonic
Oldest brick castle in Lithuania (1361) at strategic Nemunas–Neris island, first to use brick to resist Teutonic cannon; destroyed 1362 by Teutonic Knights (3-week siege), rebuilt by Vytautas 1409 as…
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Fortress
Aslackby Preceptory
Aslackby Preceptory in Lincolnshire lay to the south-east of Aslackby Church. Until about 1891 a tower, possibly of the preceptory church, together with a vaulted undercroft, survived as part the…
🇱🇻 Latvia · Fortress
Daugavgrīva castle
Daugavgrīva Castle (German: Dünamünde; Polish: Dynemunt; Russian: Усть-Двинск or Ust`-Dvinsk) is a former monastery converted into a castle, located at Vecdaugava oxbow on the right bank of Daugava,…
🇮🇶 Iraq · Fortress
Bash Tapia Castle
Bash Tapia Castle, (Arabic: باشطابيا) also known as Bashtabiya Castle or Pashtabia Castle, is a ruined 12th-century castle located on the western bank of the Tigris river, forming part of the city…
🇨🇾 Cyprus · Fortress
Buffavento Castle
Buffavento Castle (Greek: Kάστρο Βουφαβέντο, Turkish: Buffavento Kalesi) is a castle in Northern Cyprus.