🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Palpa Lines and Geoglyphs
Paracas (800–200 BCE) to Topará (200 BCE–200 CE) to early Nazca · Paracas and Topará–Nazca
1,000 hill-crest geoglyphs (1000 BCE–800 CE) — the Paracas predecessor to Nazca on Palpa terraces.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Archaeological wonder
Omo Kibish Formation (Omo I & II)
Middle Pleistocene to Late Pleistocene (200–100 ka; Homo sapiens earliest 195 ka) · Homo sapiens (early anatomically modern)
Formation yielding earliest Homo sapiens Omo I skull re-dated 195 ka (now 230 ka debate?) and fauna in Kibish Member I tuff.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Nazca Lines
Early Intermediate Period, Paracas to Nazca culture · Paracas / Nazca
Over 300 geometric and figurative geoglyphs etched by removing dark desert pavement to reveal light subsoil across 450 km² of arid Pampas, including 1.8 km hummingbird, monkey, spider, and trapezoids…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Earthwork
Azraq Wheels and Desert Complexes
Late Neolithic to Bronze Age (~5500–2500 BCE; Wheels c.8500 BCE claimed recently) · Levantine Neolithic pastoralist
Scattered across the Azraq lava fields and limestone hammada, geometric Wheels 25–70 m in diameter consist of outer ring, radial spokes and central cairn, often attached to kite tails or isolated on…
🇩🇿 Algeria · Archaeological wonder
Tassili n'Ajjer
Epipaleolithic to Late Pastoral (c.8000 BCE–1000 CE; major painting phases Round Head 6000 BCE–5000 BCE, Pastoral 4500–2000 BCE) · Kel Tamasheq predecessor hunter-gatherer / Pastoral Neolithic / Garamantes
72,000 km² sandstone plateau with one of world's largest rock art concentrations: 15,000 engravings and paintings spanning 6000 BCE–first centuries CE – Bubalus, Round Head (10,000–6000 BCE,…
🇨🇱 Chile · Hydraulic works
Pica Oasis Socavones and Geoglyphs
Formative to Modern (Alto Ramírez to Colonial) · Tarapacá / Pica-Tarapacá / Hispanic oasis
Pica (1,350 m, 20°29′21″S 69°19′46″W) is the only living oasis of the Atacama with active filtration galleries (socavones) tapping the Pica Aquifer; study by Lictevout et al.
🇺🇸 United States · Geoglyph
Old Chaco Canyon Enclosure Inner — Chaco Canyon (55-04)
Bronze Age (regional) · Bronze Age
Old Chaco Canyon Enclosure Inner — Chaco Canyon (55-04) at Chaco Canyon, United States is a Bronze Age (regional) geoglyph of the Bronze Age tradition, built c.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Geoglyph
Lower Yucatan Ridge B — Yucatan (55-47)
Medieval (regional) · Medieval
Lower Yucatan Ridge B — Yucatan (55-47) at Yucatan, Mexico is a Medieval (regional) geoglyph of the Medieval tradition, built c. 1800 BCE for ridge and associated settlement.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Geoglyph
Geoglyphs of Sanctuary-Oued
Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) · Middle Bronze Age
Geoglyphs of Sanctuary-Oued in Northern Tigray, Ethiopia is a Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Middle Bronze Age culture.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Atacama Giant
Late Intermediate 900–1450 CE · Atacameño / Pica-Tarapacá culture influenced by Tiwanaku
World's largest anthropomorphic geoglyph: 119-m hill figure marking caravan trails.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Wadi Al-Qattafi Central Gorge Slot Kites (Central Arm Narrows)
PPNB Late to PN (7000–5800 BCE) · Central Qattafi gorge bottleneck trappers
7 bidirectional central gorge kites 710 m in 3.2 km 25 m-deep narrows — 150 m walls plus deepest 1.6 m pits with 21 gazelle skeletons in situ.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Earthwork
Harraat Khaybar – Works of the Old Men
Neolithic to Bronze Age · Arabian Neolithic pastoralists
15,000 stone structures on black lava—gates, kites and pendants of Neolithic Arabia (7000–5000 BCE).
🇰🇭 Cambodia · Geoglyph
Geoglyphs of Varna Mogor Ach
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Geoglyphs of Varna Mogor Ach in Preah Vihear, Cambodia is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) geoglyph attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇨🇦 Canada · Geoglyph
Qasr Mara Ley Geoglyph
Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) · Early Bronze Age
Qasr Mara Ley Geoglyph in British Columbia, Canada is a Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) geoglyph attributed to Early Bronze Age culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Earthwork
Effigy Mounds National Monument
Late Woodland 500–1200 CE, effigies c.700–1100 CE · Late Woodland (Ancestral Ioway/Ho-Chunk?)
31 bear-and-bird effigy mounds marching on Mississippi bluff.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Geoglyph
Acre Geoglyphs (Geoglifos do Acre)
Pre-Columbian 1–1500 CE · Acre / Xinguano tradition
Hundreds of large ditched enclosures (squares, circles, U-shapes) revealed since 1977 by deforestation, built by pre-Columbian Amazonian cultures using forest clearance, dated 1–1500 CE, associated…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Geoglyph
Jebel Abu Khashaba North Ridge Kites (Northern Khashabiyeh Ridge Extension)
PPNA–PPNB Early to Late (8400–6500 BCE) · Jibal al-Khashabiyeh SE Jordan PPNA Ghassanian trappers
10 long-arm ridge kites 920 m: walls 520–1450 m to 12–16 m single-pit bag pens with pillar stone 1:10 scale kite engraving.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Earthwork
Llanos de Moxos – Casarabe Culture Monuments
Late Intermediate, Casarabe culture · Casarabe (Moxos) savanna farmers
1,000 km of causeways + 147 forest-island cities (500–1400 CE) in seasonally flooded Beni savanna.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Geoglyph
Sajama Geoglyph Line Field North Slope
Formative (800 BCE–800 CE) · Formative–Classic geoglyph
Sajama Geoglyph Line Field North Slope in Oruro, Sajama Lines, Bolivia is a Formative (800 BCE–800 CE) geoglyph attributed to Formative–Classic geoglyph.
🇨🇦 Canada · Archaeological wonder
Writing-on-Stone / Áísínai'pi
Archaic to Historic 1800 BCE–1920 CE; main biographic style 1730–1890 CE (post-horse) · Blackfoot Confederacy (Kainai, Piikani, Siksika) and ancestors (Besant, Avonlea, Old Women's phase)
Badlands sanctuary of sandstone hoodoos along Milk River where Blackfoot (Niitsitapi) inscribed and pecked >138 rock-art panels (1,200 images: warriors, horses after 1730, hoof biographic,…
🇺🇸 United States · Geoglyph
Inner Chaco Canyon Terrace Central — Chaco Canyon (55-34)
Early Historic (regional) · Early Historic
Inner Chaco Canyon Terrace Central — Chaco Canyon (55-34) at Chaco Canyon, United States is a Early Historic (regional) geoglyph of the Early Historic tradition, built c.
🇺🇸 United States · Geoglyph
Sacred Chaco Canyon Fortress II — Chaco Canyon (55-45)
Chalcolithic (regional) · Chalcolithic
Sacred Chaco Canyon Fortress II — Chaco Canyon (55-45) at Chaco Canyon, United States is a Chalcolithic (regional) geoglyph of the Chalcolithic tradition, built c.
🇧🇴 Bolivia · Geoglyph
Great Potosí Mound East — Potosí (55-40)
Classical (regional) · Classical
Great Potosí Mound East — Potosí (55-40) at Potosí, Bolivia is a Classical (regional) geoglyph of the Classical tradition, built c. 800 BCE for mound and associated settlement.
🇻🇳 Vietnam · Geoglyph
Church Geoglyph
Yayoi (300 BCE–300 CE) · Yayoi
Church Geoglyph in Quang Nam, Vietnam is a Yayoi (300 BCE–300 CE) geoglyph attributed to Yayoi culture.