🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Marib Dam East Wadi Dhana Barrage
Sabaean to Himyarite · Kingdom of Saba (Sabaean South Arabian) then Himyar
480-m east rockfill barrage of Great Marib Dam at Balaq Hills gap.
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Ayn Zubaydah Aqueduct (Zubaydah Spring Canal to Makkah)
Early Abbasid (Harun al-Rashid–Al-Amin) · Abbasid (Zubaydah bint Ja'far patronage)
Ayn Zubaydah: 35-km Abbasid 809 CE spring aqueduct from Wadi Nu'man to Haram, Makkah.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat of Mehriz — Deh-shir Qanat Chain (Mehriz Highland Qanat)
Sasanian to Safavid (500–1700 CE) · Sasanian–Islamic
Highland qanat chain at Deh-shir plain Mehriz County (1,450 m) with 18 km gallery from Shir Kuh massif (3,200 m) alluvial fan piedmont.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Tang-e Boraq Aqueduct (Boraq Gorge Cliff Aqueduct)
Sasanian to Kakuyid (450 CE, repaired 1050 CE) · Sasanian Zagros (Eqlid terrace farmers)
Tang-e Boraq: 420-m Sasanian 450 CE cliff aqueduct in 85-m Zagros gorge, Eqlid 30.55N 52.32E.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Rai Jawa North Canal Hydraulic System
Early Bronze Age IA · Proto-Jawa
1.8-km spate canal feeding 12-ha bunded fields north of Jawa town.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Wadi Jirdan West Breach Spate Dam (Hadramawt West Distributary)
Hadramawt Kingdom (500 BCE–400 CE) · Hadrami
Hadrami spate diversion (8 m high, 180 m) on Wadi Jirdan west distributary 4 km upstream of Shabwa paleo-delta (720 m), with 3 km earthen bund canal and field system 120 ha still visible as ‘fossil’…
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Qasr Al-Hayr Al-Gharbi Canal (Hir Azraq Canal to Palmyra Steppe Palace)
Umayyad (Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) · Umayyad steppe palace culture
Hayr Gharbi: 16-km Umayyad 727 CE limestone canal from Harbaka Dam to steppe palace 34.52N 38.12E.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Paskeh Band Ancient Dam – Hormozgan (Band-e Paskeh)
Sasanian (Shapur I–II) · Sasanian Persian
180-m Sasanian gravity dam (240–380 CE) on Minab tributary — 300,000 m³ for Minab palms.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Wadi Jirdan Ancient Dam – Hadramawt
Hadhrami Old South Arabian · Hadhramawt kingdom
220-m Hadhrami diversion dam (700 BCE–400 CE) on Wadi Jirdan tributary — Hadramawt palm irrigation.
🇪🇨 Ecuador · Hydraulic works
Achupallas Ingapirca Inca Road Segment
Late Horizon Inca Imperial (1470–1532 CE) · Inca (Topa Inca / Huayna Capac – Cañari conquest)
Extraordinary preserved 8 km upland paramo section of Inca Qhapaq Ñan (royal road) climbing 3600–4200 m across Azuay páramo linking Achupallas (Inca tambo) to Ingapirca (Hatun Cañar) via stone-paved…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aphrodisias
Late Bronze Age to Byzantine (c.3000 BCE–12th century CE; peak Julio-Claudian to Severan) · Carian → Hellenistic Greek → Roman → Byzantine
Aphrodite's marble city with 30,000-seat stadium, Tetrapylon and Sebasteion reliefs.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Temple complex
Temple of Garni and Garni Gorge Symphony
Classical Armenia Artaxiad–Arsacid (1st century CE; preceded by Bronze fortress) · Hellenistic–Roman Armenian (Artaxiad client kingdom under Neronic patronage)
Only standing Greco-Roman Ionic temple in post-Soviet Armenia (77 CE) over organ-pipe basalt gorge.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Sadd al-Arim Secondary North Dam Marib
Sabaean to Himyarite · Kingdom of Saba
210-m saddle subsidiary dam 4 km NE of Great Marib storing Jufaynah tributary.
🇹🇭 Thailand · Hydraulic works
Khui Rat Buri? Actually Ancient Canal North (Ratchaburi, Thailand)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Khui Rat Buri? Actually Ancient Canal North (Ratchaburi, Thailand) in Ratchaburi, Khu Bua Canal, Thailand is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) …
🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia · Hydraulic works
Hegra — Ancient Well North (Mada'in Salih, Saudi Arabia)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Hegra — Ancient Well North (Mada'in Salih, Saudi Arabia) in Al Madinah, Hegra, Saudi Arabia is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attr…
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Hydraulic works
Mohenjo-daro — Great Bath Ancillary Drain
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Mohenjo-daro — Great Bath Ancillary Drain in Sindh, Larkana, Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed t…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Fayum — Shaduf North Field Canal Ancillary (Fayum, Egypt)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Fayum — Shaduf North Field Canal Ancillary (Fayum, Egypt) in Fayum, Fayum Depression, Egypt is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attr…
🇲🇽 Mexico · Ancient city
Aké Archaeological Site
Late Preclassic–Postclassic (300 BCE–1520 CE, column hall 600–800 CE) · Maya (North-central Yucatán – Izamal sphere)
Maya city (300 BCE–1520 CE) walled by two concentric walls: inner 4 km sq core with 15 structures includingStructure 1— 30×30 m megalithic column hall 40+ stone columns 5 m high weighing 8 tons atop…
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Shushtar — Ancient Bridge-Weir North (Khuzestan, Iran)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Shushtar — Ancient Bridge-Weir North (Khuzestan, Iran) in Khuzestan, Shushtar, Iran is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed t…
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Ma'rib — Ancient Dam North (Yemen, Sabaean)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Ma'rib — Ancient Dam North (Yemen, Sabaean) in Ma'rib, Ma'rib Dam North, Yemen is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hyd…
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Lothal — Dockyard Ancillary Wharf North
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Lothal — Dockyard Ancillary Wharf North in Gujarat, Ahmedabad, Lothal, India is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydra…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Hasankeyf — Bridge Pier North (Tigris)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Hasankeyf — Bridge Pier North (Tigris) in Batman, Hasankeyf, Turkey is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydraulic cult…
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Petra — Ad-Deir Ancillary Cistern Terrace
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Petra — Ad-Deir Ancillary Cistern Terrace in Ma'an, Petra, Ad-Deir, Jordan is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydraul…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Hydraulic works
Patara — Lighthouse Ancillary Wharf North (Lycian)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Patara — Lighthouse Ancillary Wharf North (Lycian) in Antalya, Kaş, Patara, Turkey is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to…