🇹🇳 Tunisia · Ancient city
Capsa (Gafsa)
Epipaleolithic to Modern (10,000 BCE-present; peak Capsian 8000-6000 BCE and Roman 1st-4th c CE) · Capsian Epipaleolithic / Numidian / Roman / Byzantine
Capsian oasis fortress Capsa.
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Qasr al-Hayr Upper Spring Canal — Palmyra Steppe Upper Bisayta Canal
Umayyad (727 CE Hisham) · Umayyad
Upper spring canal 6 km northeast of Qasr al-Hayr al-Gharbi palace (620 m) feeding into main Gharbi 11-km canal (already in DB as qasr-al-hayr-al-gharbi-canal).
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Qanat-e Zarch West Branch (Yazd Zarch Qanat Western Gallery)
Ilkhanid branch on Achaemenid–Sasanian trunk · Ilkhanid Yazd (branch) on Persian qanat tradition
Qanat-e Zarch west: 11.2-km Ilkhanid branch of world's longest 71-km Yazd qanat, UNESCO 1476.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Jawa Dam South Basalt Spillway
Early Bronze Age IA · Proto-Jawa Ghassulian-Chalcolithic
120-m south spillway with ogee crest and riprap of main Jawa dam — earliest weir hydraulics.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Hasankeyf
Assyrian to Ottoman (12th c. BCE–1920); peak Artukid–Ayyubid 12th–13th century · Assyrian → Roman → Byzantine → Artukid Kurdish → Ayyubid → Ottoman
Cliff-cut Tigris citadel with 10,000 caves, Artukid bridge and salvage-relocated Timurid tomb now under reservoir.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Wadi al-Jarf — Harbour North Ancillary Gallery (Suez, Egypt)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Wadi al-Jarf — Harbour North Ancillary Gallery (Suez, Egypt) in Suez, Wadi al-Jarf, Egypt is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attrib…
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Resafa (Sergiopolis) — North Basilica Cistern B
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Resafa (Sergiopolis) — North Basilica Cistern B in Raqqa, Resafa, Syria is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydraulic …
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Perge
Late Bronze Age to Late Antiquity (peak Hellenistic–Severan) · Hittite Anatolian → Pamphylian Greek → Roman
Pamphylian canal-avenue Hellenistic city with twin gate-towers and huge stadium.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Archaeological wonder
Wadi Feynan and Wadi Arabah Copper Belt
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (c.4100 BCE–600 CE; peak Iron Age II) · Egyptian New Kingdom (eastern Timna sphere) → Edomite/Neo-Assyrian desert polity → Nabataean → Roman chrome convict mines
Jordanian Arabah slag-mountain copper belt — Iron Age Edomite desert industry outweighing Timna.
🇮🇷 Iran · Temple complex
Takht-e Soleyman — Throne of Solomon and Azargoshnasb Fire Temple
Sasanian Empire 224–651 CE (peak 5th–7th century) → Ilkhanid 13th century reuse · Sasanian Zoroastrian → Ilkhanid Mongol Islamic palace phase
Sasanian Great Fire temple on a 120 m artesian lake — shahs' coronation sanctuary, later Ilkhanid palace.
🇮🇳 India · Hydraulic works
Kallanai Kollidam North Sluice Extension
Early Historic to Chola Medieval · Chola (Early and Medieval)
95-m north Kollidam offtake with 12 dovetail sluice bays saving delta from avulsion.
🇾🇪 Yemen · Hydraulic works
Taiz — Ancient Cistern North (Yemen)
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Taiz — Ancient Cistern North (Yemen) in Taiz, Taiz Ancient Cistern, Yemen is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hydrauli…
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Aspendos
Bronze Age to Byzantine (peak Antonine 2nd century CE) · Pamphylian Greek → Hellenistic → Roman → Byzantine → Seljuk
Pamphylian city with the world's most intact 15,000-seat Roman theatre (155 CE) and inverted-siphon aqueduct.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Hydraulic works
Qasr Azraq? Actually Azas Hill Reservoir Terrace
Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) · Hydraulic culture
Qasr Azraq? Actually Azas Hill Reservoir Terrace in Mafraq, Jawa Region, Jordan is a Early Bronze to Medieval (3000 BCE–1400 CE) hydraulic attributed to Hy…
🇺🇸 United States · Ancient city
Fort Center
Woodland Glades 450 BCE–1700 CE · Belle Glade (Calusa/Glades)
Glades woodland pond-mortuary and 1200 m causeway with charnel house, wood effigies in submerged pond.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Serabit el-Khadim — Turquoise Mines and Hathor Temple
Old Kingdom to New Kingdom (2600–1100 BCE) · Egyptian Sinai expedition / Semitic workers
Serabit el-Khadim is the Middle–New Kingdom turquoise mine and Hathor Temple 2600 BCE–1100 BCE on Sinai plateau 850 m, 45 km E of Suez Gulf.
🇮🇷 Iran · Hydraulic works
Shushtar Hydraulic System
Achaemenid foundation to Sassanian peak (5th century BCE – 3rd century CE) · Achaemenid, Sassanid Persian (with Roman engineering)
Sassanid re-engineering of the Karun River where the Band-e Kaisar (Caesar's Dam) — said built by Roman soldiers captured with Emperor Valerian — diverted the river into the Gargar canal feeding 40…
🇱🇰 Sri Lanka · Hydraulic works
Reservoir of Basin Beck
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Reservoir of Basin Beck in North Central Province, Sri Lanka is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Aswan First Cataract — Unfinished Obelisk Quarry Canal
New Kingdom to British (1470 BCE – 1902 CE) · Egyptian New Kingdom with British Aswan regulation
Quarry slipway and basin 150 m to float 42 m Unfinished Obelisk and blocks to Nile.
🇩🇿 Algeria · Hydraulic works
Petroglyph Aqueduct
Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) · Jōmon
Petroglyph Aqueduct in Tassili n'Ajjer, Algeria is a Jōmon (14000–300 BCE) hydraulic attributed to Jōmon culture.
🇸🇾 Syria · Hydraulic works
Qasr al-Hayr Water Management System
Umayyad c.728–729 CE (Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik) · Umayyad (Syrian desert)
Qasr al-Hayr al-Sharqi (728–729 Caliph Hisham) – Umayyad desert castle double enclosure whose hydraulic system re-used Byzantine aqueduct (40 km Harbaka dam canal) to store in birka (70m reservoir),…
🇪🇬 Egypt · Hydraulic works
Sadd el-Kafara Dam - Wadi Garawi
Old Kingdom c.2700–2600 BCE (Third–Fourth Dynasty) · Old Kingdom Egyptian
Sadd el-Kafara (c.2700 BCE) – Old Kingdom's 113m-long, 14m-high masonry embankment dam with 98m base and 500,000 m³ rubble core in Wadi Garawi, 30 km south Cairo.
🇵🇪 Peru · Hydraulic works
Moche Canal System and Puquios
Moche 100–800 CE; Wari continuation · Moche (La Libertad)
Moche Canal System – north coast Peru Moche Valley hydraulic (100–800 CE): 30 km intervalley canals (La Cumbre, Ascope) diverting Moche River to arid Chicama, puquios spiral-wells tapping aquifer…
🇹🇲 Turkmenistan · Hydraulic works
Sultan Kala Dam Merv Oasis
Seljuk 11th c. (Sultan Sanjar) with Abbasid foundation · Seljuk Islamic (Merv oasis)
Sultan Kala – Medieval Merv oasis headworks on Murghab: 12m Sultan Dam (Murghab bifurcation barrage), Razik canal, Majan canal lattice and 55 km Abdullah canal irrigating 2,500 km² oasis supporting…