🇳🇬 Nigeria · Rock art
Dutsen Kongba (Jos Plateau)
Nok to Berom (1500 BCE–present) · Nok / Proto-Berom
Jos Plateau rock-gong complex with 8 granite gongs and Nok scatter.
🇳🇴 Norway · Rock art
Alta Rock Art
Late Stone Age to Early Iron Age (~7000 BCE – 0 CE) · Finnmark hunter-gatherer/fisher to early Sami ancestors
Northern Europe's largest petroglyph field preserves some 6,000 carved figures along the Alta Fjord raised shorelines, tracking post-glacial rebound chronology.
🇸🇪 Sweden · Rock art
Vitlycke Rock Carvings
Neolithic–Bronze Age (4000–1000 BCE) · Hunter-gatherer rock art tradition
Vitlycke Rock Carvings is a rock art site in Västra Götaland, Sweden featuring carvings and paintings on exposed bedrock dating from the Neolithic to Bronze Age (c.4000–1000 BCE).
🇹🇭 Thailand · Rock art
Ard Bury Rock Shelter
Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) · Chalcolithic
Ard Bury Rock Shelter in Buriram Province, Thailand is a Chalcolithic (4500–3300 BCE) rock art attributed to Chalcolithic culture.
🇵🇪 Peru · Rock art
Toro Muerto Petroglyphs
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate ~900–1450 CE · Wari to Collagua / Inca fringe
5,000-boulder petroglyph desert - world's densest - Wari-Collagua dancers over 10 km².
🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Rouffignac Cave
Magdalenian ~13 ka BP · Magdalenian
8 km mammoth gallery with 158 manganese woolly-mammoth figures and children's finger fluting.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Saimaluu Tash Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Turkic (~2000 BCE – 800 CE) · Andronovo, Saka, Turkic nomadic
Elevated 3,200-m boulder field on the Ferghana ridge preserving perhaps 107,000 images on 10,000 varnished basalt boulders, making it among the most numerous rock-art locales on earth.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Khoit Tsenkher South Gallery — Chandmani Base Cave Art
Upper Paleolithic to Mesolithic (19,000–8000 BCE) · Malta-Buret related early Holocene hunter
Sun-facing lower gallery with 15 ka ibex/ostrich ochre and pecked figures 220 m below main cave.
🇫🇷 France · Rock art
Lombrives Cave Gallery - Ariege Extended System
Upper Paleolithic Aurignacian to Magdalenian (c.40,000–10,000 BCE) · Magdalenian and earlier Paleolithic
Lombrives – Europe's largest single cave by volume (39 km gallery, 2.5 km long chamber) in Ariège Pyrenees, extending Niaux system.
🇳🇦 Namibia · Rock art
Twyfelfontein Rock Engravings
Late Stone Age to early pastoral (6000 BCE – 1000 CE) · San hunter-gatherer (Ju/'hoansi ancestors)
Namibia's sole UNESCO World Heritage site besides Brandberg, Twyfelfontein holds over 2,500 engravings pecked into a 600-m sandstone outcrop of Etjo formation.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock art
Cave of El Castillo Polychrome
Upper Paleolithic (40,800 BCE Aurignacian to Magdalenian) · Aurignacian, Gravettian, Magdalenian (Homo sapiens & Neanderthal debate)
Cave of El Castillo (Monte Castillo, Puente Viesgo) – UNESCO Paleolithic Cave Art 1985: 40,800-year-old red ochre stencilled hand (U-Th oldest in Europe, possibly Neanderthal), bison, horses, cervids…
🇹🇿 Tanzania · Rock art
Mumba Rock Shelter (Lake Eyasi) – Middle Stone Age Stratigraphy
Middle Stone Age / Later Stone Age · Middle Stone Age hunter-gatherers
60 m deep sequence from Acheulean bifaces to 30 ka ostrich-eggshell beads and 19 ka geometric microliths bridging Middle Stone Age–Neolithic. Rock paintings overlie MSA horizons.
🇰🇬 Kyrgyzstan · Rock art
Saimaluu-Tash West Lake Shelf Petroglyphs
Saka to Qarakhanid · Saka, Wusun, Qarakhanid
Lake-margin boulder bar at the tarn below Saimaluu-Tash West cirque, a 400-m shoreline shelf with 180 panels on glacially-rafted quartzite.
🇵🇪 Peru · Rock art
Ollantaytambo Fountain Terrace West — Cusco (Cusco)
Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) · Bronze Age
Ollantaytambo Fountain Terrace West in Cusco, Peru is a Late Neolithic (4000–3000 BCE) rock art attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇬🇧 United Kingdom · Hillfort
Dunadd Fort — Kilmartin Glen
Iron Age to Early Medieval · Dal Riata Scots
Dunadd Fort — Kilmartin Glen in Argyll, Scotland, United Kingdom is a Iron Age to Early Medieval hillfort attributed to Dal Riata Scots.
🇵🇰 Pakistan · Rock art
Shahbaz Garhi — Ashokan Rock Edict Outlier Quarry
Mauryan (260 BCE) Ashoka edicts · Mauryan (Ashoka)
Shahbaz Garhi — Ashokan Rock Edict Outlier Quarry in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan is a Mauryan (260 BCE) Ashoka edicts rock_art attributed to Mauryan (Ashoka).
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly Kungei Ridge Sanctuary — Aiyrtau Sun Shrine
Bronze Age to Turkic (1400 BCE – 800 CE) · Andronovo to Saka to Turkic
Ridgetop with shaman drum and deer-headdress plus Saka kurgans.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Jebel Uweinat — Ain Doua Crest Rock Art Gallery
Pastoral Neolithic (6000–1500 BCE) · Uweinat pastoralists (Garamantian ancestor?)
Uweinat documented by Frobenius 1933 and Menardi Noguera, 6000 BCE cattle pastoralists.
🇧🇪 Belgium · Cave
Goyet Caves
Middle to Late Palaeolithic to Neolithic · Aurignacian / Gravettian / Neolithic
Network of limestone caves 15 m above Samson River near Mozet, with Aurignacian to Neolithic occupations (45,000–3000 BCE), early modern human remains, Neanderthal DNA and famous 35,000-year-old…
🇧🇪 Belgium · Cave
Grotte de Ramioul
Middle Palaeolithic to Neolithic · Mousterian / Aurignacian / Neolithic
Limestone cave in Flémalle with Mousterian to Neolithic deposits (70,000–2500 BCE), Neanderthal tooth, Upper Palaeolithic engravings and Neolithic collective burial.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock art
Jebel Qurma Safaitic Rock Art — Black Desert
Hellenistic to Early Islamic (Safaitic literacy 100 BCE–400 CE) · Nomadic Safaitic pastoralists (North Arabian Old Arabic literate nomads)
Harra Black Desert 4500 Safaitic basalt camel–kite petroglyphs 200 BCE–800 CE, Leiden Jebel Qurma project.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez East Pampa Gallinazo Geoglyphs (Gallinazo Plain Figures)
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate (Cabuza–Maitas 650–1200 CE) · Lluta Cabuza–Maitas–San Miguel valley traders
31 eastern pampa figures on Gallinazo plain 2.2 km east of Alto Ramírez: rhomb anthropomorphs plus 140 m solstice corridor.
🇦🇲 Armenia · Rock art
Tirinkatar Vishaps and Cultural Landscape
Chalcolithic to Middle Bronze Age (Kura-Araxes, Early Bronze–Lchashen) · Kura-Araxes to Trialeti pastoralists; later Garni-Shengavit
2850 m Aragats: 20 fish–bull dragon stones (vishaps) 5th–2nd mill BCE with libation holes at Aragats springs.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones North Terrace Geoglyphs (Northern Camarones Bluff)
Early Intermediate (Alto Ramírez 400 BCE–350 CE) with Archaic midden · Camarones Alto Ramírez valley fishers–farmers (Chinchorro descendant)
18 north bluff figures 200 m above Camarones gorge: round-head giants + llama and 62 m trapezoid to coastal springs.