🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly Kungei Ridge Sanctuary — Aiyrtau Sun Shrine
Bronze Age to Turkic (1400 BCE – 800 CE) · Andronovo to Saka to Turkic
Ridgetop with shaman drum and deer-headdress plus Saka kurgans.
🇺🇸 United States · Rock art
Petroglyph National Monument — Mesa Prieta Boca Negra Canyon
Ancestral Puebloan (1000–1400 CE) and Spanish 1700s · Ancestral Puebloan → Rio Grande Pueblo
Albuquerque mesa excavated by Sundt 1970s, 24k peck basalt trail, NPS Mesa Prieta 1000.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Jebel Uweinat — Ain Doua Crest Rock Art Gallery
Pastoral Neolithic (6000–1500 BCE) · Uweinat pastoralists (Garamantian ancestor?)
Uweinat documented by Frobenius 1933 and Menardi Noguera, 6000 BCE cattle pastoralists.
🇧🇪 Belgium · Cave
Goyet Caves
Middle to Late Palaeolithic to Neolithic · Aurignacian / Gravettian / Neolithic
Network of limestone caves 15 m above Samson River near Mozet, with Aurignacian to Neolithic occupations (45,000–3000 BCE), early modern human remains, Neanderthal DNA and famous 35,000-year-old…
🇧🇪 Belgium · Cave
Grotte de Ramioul
Middle Palaeolithic to Neolithic · Mousterian / Aurignacian / Neolithic
Limestone cave in Flémalle with Mousterian to Neolithic deposits (70,000–2500 BCE), Neanderthal tooth, Upper Palaeolithic engravings and Neolithic collective burial.
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock art
Jebel Qurma Safaitic Rock Art — Black Desert
Hellenistic to Early Islamic (Safaitic literacy 100 BCE–400 CE) · Nomadic Safaitic pastoralists (North Arabian Old Arabic literate nomads)
Harra Black Desert 4500 Safaitic basalt camel–kite petroglyphs 200 BCE–800 CE, Leiden Jebel Qurma project.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Alto Ramírez East Pampa Gallinazo Geoglyphs (Gallinazo Plain Figures)
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate (Cabuza–Maitas 650–1200 CE) · Lluta Cabuza–Maitas–San Miguel valley traders
31 eastern pampa figures on Gallinazo plain 2.2 km east of Alto Ramírez: rhomb anthropomorphs plus 140 m solstice corridor.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Camarones North Terrace Geoglyphs (Northern Camarones Bluff)
Early Intermediate (Alto Ramírez 400 BCE–350 CE) with Archaic midden · Camarones Alto Ramírez valley fishers–farmers (Chinchorro descendant)
18 north bluff figures 200 m above Camarones gorge: round-head giants + llama and 62 m trapezoid to coastal springs.
🇨🇱 Chile · Geoglyph
Azapa Cerro Moreno Geoglyphs (Mid-Valley Headland Figures)
Formative to Middle Horizon (Alto Ramírez–Tiwanaku 400–1000 CE) · Azapa Tiwanaku–Cabuza–San Miguel valley oasis
26 mid-A with plumed giants + feline on Cerro Moreno 420 m, above Azapa fertile oasis 18 km from Pacific.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
El-Hosh Rock Inscriptions — Wadi el-Hosh
Epipaleolithic to Predynastic (Naqada I–II, Dynasty 0) · Naqada culture (Upper Egyptian elite) with Eastern Desert Nubian pastoral contact
Wadi el-Hosh 550 Naqada 4000–3000 BCE boats–falcon serekh to smiting, predecessor to Narmer, Huyge 1998.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock art
Gebel el-Silsila Quarry and Rock Inscriptions
New Kingdom to Roman (1550 BCE–30 BCE–300 CE) · Egyptian Theban; 18th Dynasty onward
Nile's 50-ha sandstone quarry-narrow with 32 shrines 1500 BCE–300 CE; Horemheb speos and flood stelae at 400-m gorge.
🇷🇺 Russia · Rock art
Kapova Cave (Shulgan-Tash)
Upper Palaeolithic (Gravettian to Magdalenian) · Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers (Eastern Gravettian / South Ural Epipalaeolithic)
Urals Palaeolithic painted cave with 195 mammoth-horse figures 36–14 ka, easternmost Old World cave art.
🇵🇪 Peru · Geoglyph
Toro Muerto Geoglyphs
Middle Horizon to Late Intermediate Wari-Chuquibamba · Wari-influenced Chuquibamba/Majes
60+ volcanic-pavement geoglyphs (600-1200 CE) beside Toro Muerto petroglyphs, Majes Valley ritual plateau.
🇰🇿 Kazakhstan · Rock art
Tamgaly-Tas II — Ili River South Bank Petroglyphs
Iron Age to Early Modern · Saka (Scythian), Dzungar Oirat Mongol, Kazakh
Ili River south bank continuation of 17th-century Tamgaly-Tas Buddhist carvings with Saka animal style underneath.
🇲🇳 Mongolia · Rock art
Chuluut Gol Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Early Medieval (Mongolian Bronze to Göktürk) · Karasuk, Deer Stone-Khirigsuur and Turkic pastoralists
Arkhangai basalt gorge with 800 deer-style and Turkic petroglyphs along volcanic river.
🇯🇵 Japan · Rock art
Fugoppe Cave Petroglyphs
Jomon (Final to Zoku-Jomon) · Zoku-Jomon maritime hunter-gatherers of western Hokkaido
Hokkaido shore tuff cave with 800 winged-human and boat incisions 300 BCE–500 CE, Jomon rock art.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Helan Mountains Suyukou South Rock Art
Early Bronze to Yuan · Qiang, Xiongnu, Xianbei, Mongol (Helan corridor pastoralists)
South Suyukou gully 4 km south of Helankou with 600 shamanic mask petroglyphs.
🇮🇳 India · Rock art
Bhimbetka Auditorium Cave Rock Shelter III F-23
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Bhimbetka Auditorium Cave Rock Shelter III F-23 in Madhya Pradesh, Bhimbetka, India is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇦🇷 Argentina · Rock art
Cueva de las Manos Hunting Scene Panel 7
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Cueva de las Manos Hunting Scene Panel 7 in Santa Cruz, Cueva de las Manos, Argentina is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Serra da Capivara Boqueirão Sítio Central North Ledge
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Serra da Capivara Boqueirão Sítio Central North Ledge in Piauí, Serra da Capivara, Brazil is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Yinshan Rock Art Tiger Leaping Panel
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Yinshan Rock Art Tiger Leaping Panel in Inner Mongolia, Yinshan, China is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.
🇨🇳 China · Rock art
Kangjiashimenzi Petroglyphs
Bronze Age to Early Iron Age (2000–500 BCE) · Andronovo-related Chemurchek, early nomadic Saka/Xiongnu
Northern Tianshan schist cliff 120-m with masked shaman fertility dance 1000 BCE.
🇮🇳 India · Archaeological wonder
Brahmagiri
South Indian Neolithic (2500–1000 BCE) → Megalithic Iron (1000–300) → Mauryan (260 BCE) → Satavahana · Southern Neolithic → Megalithic → Mauryan (Ashoka)
Southern Deccan Neolithic–Megalithic–Mauryan hill complex (c.2500 BCE–300 CE) at Brahmagiri granite dome near Molakalmuru, Chitradurga — 1 km outcrop with Neolithic ash-mound, Megalithic cists and…
🇧🇷 Brazil · Rock art
Serra da Capivara Toca do Boqueirão Panel
Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) · Multi-period rock art
Serra da Capivara Toca do Boqueirão Panel in Piauí, Serra da Capivara, Brazil is a Upper Palaeolithic to Iron Age (30000 BCE–500 CE) rock art attributed to Multi-period rock art.