🇮🇪 Ireland · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Khirbet
Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) · Middle Bronze Age
Rock-Cut Tombs of Khirbet in County Kerry, Ireland is a Middle Bronze Age (2100–1550 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Middle Bronze Age culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Ras Kara Rock-Cut Complex
Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) · Nazca
Ras Kara Rock-Cut Complex in Sicily, Italy is a Nazca (100 BCE–800 CE) rock_cut attributed to Nazca culture.
🇺🇸 United States · Rock-cut
Ben Glen Rock-Cut Complex
Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) · Late Bronze Age
Ben Glen Rock-Cut Complex in Ohio, United States is a Late Bronze Age (1550–1050 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Late Bronze Age culture.
🇪🇸 Spain · Rock-cut
Sproxton-Broad Rock-Cut Complex
Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) · Neolithic
Sproxton-Broad Rock-Cut Complex in Andalusia, Spain is a Neolithic (6000–3000 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Neolithic culture.
🇪🇬 Egypt · Rock-cut
El-Kab — Rock Tombs West Wall Niche
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
El-Kab — Rock Tombs West Wall Niche in Aswan, El-Kab, Egypt is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-cut tradition. Systematic…
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Bhaja Caves
Shunga–Satavahana Early Buddhism · Hinayana (Theravada) Buddhist
One of India's earliest rock-cut Buddhist complexes (220 BCE–300 CE) on Sahyadri scarp above Indrayani River, with 22 caves.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Udayagiri Caves, Vidisha
Gupta Classical Golden Age 320–550 CE · Brahminical Hindu (Vaishnava) with Jain retain
Gupta imperial rock-cut shrine cluster (4th–5th c. CE) on Vidisha sandstone ridge, 20 caves including Cave 5 — colossal 4 m monolithic Varaha (boar) avatar rescuing Bhudevi, symbolising Gupta king…
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Burgh Rock-Cut Complex
Moche (100–800 CE) · Moche
Burgh Rock-Cut Complex in Sicily, Italy is a Moche (100–800 CE) rock_cut attributed to Moche culture.
🇮🇱 Israel · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Aber Broch
Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) · Roman
Rock-Cut Tombs of Aber Broch in Negev, Israel is a Roman (300 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Roman culture.
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Bingling (Binglingsi) Grottoes
Sixteen Kingdoms to Ming ~420–1644 CE · Northwestern Chinese Buddhist (Western Qin to Tibetan)
Yellow River cliff grotto accessible only by boat, bearing China's earliest dated 420 CE inscription.
🇦🇺 Australia · Rock-cut
Pushkarini Tank Steps North — Kimberley (Broome)
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Local Neolithic
Pushkarini Tank Steps North in Kimberley, Australia is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) rock_cut attributed to Local Neolithic culture.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Ellora Cave 10 — Vishwakarma Chaitya
Rashtrakuta (650–700 CE) · Buddhist (Mahayana final Buddhist at Ellora)
Ellora Cave 10 — Vishwakarma Chaitya in Maharashtra, India is a Rashtrakuta (650–700 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist (Mahayana final Buddhist at Ellora).
🇫🇷 France · Rock-cut
Burrup Peninsula Engraving East
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Burrup Peninsula Engraving East in Dordogne, France is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Ancient village
Castelluccio Di Noto — Bronze Age Site
Early Bronze Age (2200–1500 BCE) · Castelluccio culture
Castelluccio Di Noto — Bronze Age Site in Sicily, Italy is a Early Bronze Age (2200–1500 BCE) ancient-village attributed to Castelluccio culture.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Cave Monastery Cell South
Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) · Medieval
Cave Monastery Cell South in Tamil Nadu, India is a Early Medieval (500–1000 CE) rock_cut attributed to Medieval culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Tlos — Rock Tombs Eastern Extension
Lycian–Roman (500 BCE–200 CE) · Lycian (Tlos was Lycia capital)
Tlos — Rock Tombs Eastern Extension in Muğla Province, Turkey is a Lycian–Roman (500 BCE–200 CE) rock_cut attributed to Lycian (Tlos was Lycia capital).
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Bhaja Caves — Karla Adjacent Hinayana Monastery
Satavahana (200 BCE–200 CE) · Buddhist Hinayana
Bhaja Caves — Karla Adjacent Hinayana Monastery in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana (200 BCE–200 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Hinayana.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Lenyadri (Ganesh Lena) — Junnar Caves 5–8
Satavahana (100 BCE–300 CE) · Buddhist; now Hindu Ganesh shrine
Lenyadri (Ganesh Lena) — Junnar Caves 5–8 in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana (100 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist; now Hindu Ganesh shrine.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Udayagiri Caves 5–6 — Vidisha Vishnu Complex
Gupta (380–415 CE Chandragupta II) · Gupta Hindu (Vishnu)
Udayagiri Caves 5–6 — Vidisha Vishnu Complex in Madhya Pradesh, India is a Gupta (380–415 CE Chandragupta II) rock_cut attributed to Gupta Hindu (Vishnu).
🇯🇴 Jordan · Rock-cut
Petra — Al Khazneh Treasury Annex Tombs
Nabataean (1st c. BCE–1st c. CE; Treasury c.56 BCE Aretas IV) · Nabataean
Siq-end Treasury excavated by Horsfield 1929 and recent, empty tombs, annex row with loculi and triclinia.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Kondane Caves — Karjat Monastery
Satavahana (100 BCE) · Buddhist Hinayana
Kondane Caves — Karjat Monastery in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana (100 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Hinayana.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Kyaneai — Theatre Hill Outer Necropolis
Lycian (500 BCE–200 CE) · Lycian
Kyaneai — Theatre Hill Outer Necropolis in Antalya Province, Turkey is a Lycian (500 BCE–200 CE) rock_cut attributed to Lycian. Outer sarcophagi field beyond theatre of Kyaneai with 100+ sarcophagi.
🇪🇹 Ethiopia · Rock-cut
Seglamen — Rock Church and Stelae
Aksumite (400 BCE–800 CE) · Aksumite
Seglamen — Rock Church and Stelae in Tigray Region, Ethiopia is a Aksumite (400 BCE–800 CE) rock_cut attributed to Aksumite.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Cassibile Rock-Cut Necropolis
Iron Age (1000–700 BCE) · Sikel
Cassibile Rock-Cut Necropolis in Sicily, Italy is a Iron Age (1000–700 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Sikel. 180+ chamber tombs along Cassibile river gorge cliffs.