🇵🇪 Peru · Rock-cut
Stone-Silver Rock-Cut Complex
Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) · Ancestral Pueblo
Stone-Silver Rock-Cut Complex in Ancash, Peru is a Ancestral Pueblo (900–1350 CE) rock_cut attributed to Ancestral Pueblo culture.
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Bingling Temple Lower Grottoes — Liujia Gorge Yellow River Cliffs
Western Jin to Yuan (300 – 1300 CE) · Buddhist Hexi nomad to Tang imperial
Lower cliffs with 420 CE earliest inscribed cave 169 of 169 caves at Liujia Reservoir.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Pantalica — Anaktoron Terrace Necropolis Sector E
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Pantalica — Anaktoron Terrace Necropolis Sector E in Sicily, Syracuse, Sortino, Italy is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock…
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Butte Easton Tall
Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) · Early Bronze Age
Rock-Cut Tombs of Butte Easton Tall in Sicily, Italy is a Early Bronze Age (3300–2100 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Early Bronze Age culture.
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Maijishan Eastern Cliff — Tianshui Stacked Grottoes East Face
Later Qin to Song (384 – 1279 CE) · Buddhist Hexi to Central Plains transition at Wei River gap
East face stacked 90 caves 142 m hill with 16 m Buddha and plankway tiers.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Syke-Strath
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Rock-Cut Tombs of Syke-Strath in Sicily, Italy is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Myra — Rock Tombs South Cliff Niche (Demre)
Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) · Rock-cut tradition
Myra — Rock Tombs South Cliff Niche (Demre) in Antalya, Demre, Myra, Turkey is a Bronze to Iron Age (2000 BCE–300 CE) rock_cut attributed to Rock-cut tradi…
🇱🇾 Libya · Rock-cut
Gateway Rock-Cut Complex
Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) · Hellenistic
Gateway Rock-Cut Complex in Fezzan, Libya is a Hellenistic (323–31 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Hellenistic culture.
🇮🇷 Iran · Rock art
Kurangun
Elamite (c.2000–1000 BCE; peak Middle Elamite c.1500) · Elamite (Kurangun shrine of Inshushinak)
Kurangun is a massive Elamite open-air rock-cut shrine (20×7 m) on Mamasani cliff with 15 divine figures in low relief — gods enthroned, worshippers and fish-go...
🇬🇹 Guatemala · Rock-cut
Kirk Dock Rock-Cut Complex
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Iron Age
Kirk Dock Rock-Cut Complex in Petén, Guatemala is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Iron Age culture.
🇮🇹 Italy · Rock-cut
Rock-Cut Tombs of Henge Nara Ditch
Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) · Harappan
Rock-Cut Tombs of Henge Nara Ditch in Sicily, Italy is a Harappan (2600–1900 BCE) rock_cut attributed to Harappan culture.
🇮🇳 India · Temple complex
Bedsa Caves
Satavahana early historic · Hinayana Buddhist
Twin-cave-cluster Buddhist refuge (100 BCE–100 CE) on forested Sahyadri spur between Bhaja and Karla, celebrated for best-preserved early rock-cut chaitya hall besides Karla — daylight-illuminated…
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Mati Si Thousand Buddha Cliff — Sunan Horse Hoof North Grottoes
Sixteen Kingdoms to Yuan (397 – 1368 CE) · North Asian Buddhist with Tibetan Yugur later
Thousand Buddha northern cliff with 30 caves and horse-hoof imprint 397–1368 CE.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Ajanta Caves 9–10 — Early Hinayana Group
Satavahana (100 BCE) Hinayana; repainted 5th c. · Buddhist Hinayana then Mahayana
Ajanta Caves 9–10 — Early Hinayana Group in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana (100 BCE) Hinayana; repainted 5th c. rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Hinayana then Mahayana.
🇫🇷 France · Rock-cut
Ollantaytambo Fountain Terrace West — Dordogne (Sarlat)
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Ollantaytambo Fountain Terrace West in Dordogne, France is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Maijishan Grottoes
Sixteen Kingdoms to Tang ~384–907 CE · Chinese Buddhist Northern Dynasties
Stacked-cliff wheat-plant-shaped grotto city with 7,200 sculptures on bolted plank galleries.
🇲🇽 Mexico · Rock-cut
Kimberley Wandjina Spirit Panel West
Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) · Classical
Kimberley Wandjina Spirit Panel West in Oaxaca, Mexico is a Classical Antiquity (800 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Classical culture.
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Mogao Northern Caves — Dunhuang Oasis North Cliff Monastic Cells
Sixteen Kingdoms to Yuan (366 – 1368 CE) northern cells 960–1300 · Buddhist monastic Dunhuang oasis international
North cliff austere monastic cells 1000–1300 CE opposite southern painted scripture halls.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Mahabalipuram Group of Monuments
Pallava dynasty 630–700 CE · Hindu (Shaiva) under Pallava
Pallava seaside rock-cut trials: Shore Temple surviving tsunami and 27-m bas relief.
🇨🇳 China · Rock-cut
Yungang Western Cliffs — Datong Grottoes West End Caves
Northern Wei to Liao (453 – 525 CE peak) · Buddhist Tanyao imperial under Emperor Wencheng
Western 5 caves 40–45 with Tanyao Buddhas 15 m of Northern Wei Pingcheng capital.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Aqueduct Arch Section South — Tamil Nadu (Madurai)
Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) · Bronze Age
Aqueduct Arch Section South in Tamil Nadu, India is a Iron Age (1200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Bronze Age culture.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Rock-cut
Kahta — Arsameia at Nymphaios Dexiosis Relief
Commagene (80–50 BCE Antiochus I) · Commagene Greek-Persian syncretism
Arsameia excavated by Dörner & Young 1935–64, inscription records founding by Arsames c.230 BCE and Antiochus reshaping.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Aurangabad Caves 6–7 — Nagthar Hill North Cluster
Vakataka–Kalachuri (450–600 CE) · Buddhist Mahayana Tantric
Aurangabad Caves 6–7 — Nagthar Hill North Cluster in Maharashtra, India is a Vakataka–Kalachuri (450–600 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist Mahayana Tantric.
🇮🇳 India · Rock-cut
Kuda Caves — Buddhist Coastal Monastery
Satavahana to Traikutaka (200 BCE–500 CE) · Buddhist
Kuda Caves — Buddhist Coastal Monastery in Maharashtra, India is a Satavahana to Traikutaka (200 BCE–500 CE) rock_cut attributed to Buddhist.