🇹🇷 Turkey · Tell
Tülintepe West
Late Neolithic–Chalcolithic (c.5500–3500 BCE) · Halaf → Ubaid–Altınova Chalcolithic
Western Altınova Neolithic–Chalcolithic village (Halaf–Ubaid, wattle-and-daub to mudbrick) under Lake Keban.
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Mezraa-Teleilat
PPNA through Ubaid (c.9600–5500 BCE); PPNA, PPNB, Halaf, Ubaid · Upper Euphrates Neolithic (Mezraa phase) → Halaf → Ubaid
Neolithic–Halaf Euphrates tell (c.9600–5500 BCE) with PPNA round huts to Halaf painted pottery — Euphrates Neolithic type-site.
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Tell Kurdu (Amuq)
Halaf through EBA; Ubaid peak · Amuq Halaf → Ubaid → Amuq F (L. Chalcolithic–EBA)
Halaf-Ubaid tell (15 ha oval) defining Late Chalcolithic Ubaid north expansion, with tripartite kiln houses and channel-painted ceramics.
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Hirbemerdon Tepe
EBA to Iron Age (Karaz → Mitanni → Assyrian) · Karaz (Kura-Araxes) → Mitanni Hurrian → Assyrian Iron
Tigris ritual mound (2800 BCE–Iron) with LBA pillared cult hall — bell-ritual and Mitanni seals on EBA Karaz village, Ilısu Laneri project.
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Tell Judaidah (Tell al-Judaidah)
Neolithic to Iron; Amuq A-B emphasis · Amuq A/B Neolithic → Ubaid → EBA → Iron Syro-Hittite
Amuq A Neolithic type mound (18 ha) — earliest Amuq painted village (c.6000 BCE) through Iron, defining northern Levantine Neolithic base.
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Tilbeşar (Tell Tilbeshar)
Late Chalcolithic through Byzantine; EBA III–MBA II, Hittite, Neo-Hittite, Assyrian (Iron II) · Euphrates–Islahiye EBA → Neo-Hittite Luwian → Neo-Assyrian provincial
56-m Neo-Assyrian provincial tell (Azâ) with EBA–Iron II fortified town and moat between Sajur and Euphrates.
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Giricano Tepe (Gırcano)
Early Bronze Age through Iron Age II; MBA Khabur ware, Neo-Assyrian 11th–7th c. BCE · MBA Khabur ware → Middle Assyrian frontier → Neo-Assyrian provincial (Dunnu)
Upper Tigris Assyrian farmstead tell (c.1070–600 BCE) with Dunnu-ša-Uzibi archive — Ilısu salvage text site.
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Harran Tell (Harran Plain)
Early Bronze Age through Ummayad Abbasid (c.3000 BCE–750 CE); EBA, MBA, Assyrian, Roman, Islamic · EBA → Assyrian Bit-Adini → Aramaean → Hellenistic-Roman Carrhae → Ummayad Islamic
Bibliographic Harran tell — EBA to Ummayad capital of moon-god Sin (Haran) under medieval beehive city (c.3000 BCE–750 CE).
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Karaz (Kahraman) Tepe
Chalcolithic-EBA (c.5000-2500 BCE) · Kura-Araxes / Early Transcaucasian (Karaz-Pulur)
Karaz (Kahraman) Tepe — buried chalcolithic-eba tell/village at Erzurum Province.
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Tilmen Höyük (Tilmen Hoyuk)
EBA through Iron Age; MBA peak · Yamhad (Aleppo) vassal; Syro-Hittite → Assyrian
MBA palace city (Zalwar?) with basalt lion gate, cuneiform archive and planned lower town — Yamhad-period vassal capital in Islahiye corridor.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Alalakh (Tell Atchana)
Middle to Late Bronze Age (c.2000–1200 BCE; Level VII palace 1650–1600 BCE) · Amorite / Yamhad / Hittite / Mitanni
Bronze Age capital of Mukish kingdom in Amuq plain, Alalakh yielded Levels VII–0 (Middle–Late Bronze) with cuneiform archives of King Idrimi's inscription (statue autobiography), Yarim-Lim palace,…
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Hallan Çemi Tepesi
Epipalaeolithic / PPNA transitional (Natufian-related → Pre-Pottery Neolithic) · Sason Epipaleolithic → PPNA Upper Tigris foragers
Epipalaeolithic-PPNA hamlet (c.11ky BP) with C-shaped communal auroch-bucrania building — earliest pig management and pre-Göbekli communal architecture, Sason Stream.
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Tilbeşar Lower Town
Early Bronze to Crusader (3000 BCE–1300 CE) · Syrian EBA → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Crusader County of Edessa
Tilbeşar Lower Town sprawls below the 15-m fortress mound of Turbessel — Crusader capital of the County of Edessa.
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Harran Plain Tell A
Halaf to Islamic (5600 BCE–1500 CE) · Halaf → Ubaid → Uruk → EBA Syrian → Hittite → Islamic Harran
Harran Plain Tell A is a 2.8-ha Halaf–Ubaid mound 8 km northeast of Harran city on the Balikh floodplain — one of Wilkinson's mapped Harran plain tells tracking the shift from dispersed Halaf…
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Tell Tayinat (Kunulua)
EBA through Iron III; Iron Age capital phase · Amuq EBA → Syro-Hittite Luwian-Aramaean Pattin → Assyrian Kinalua
Neo-Hittite capital of Pattin (20 ha double city) on Orontes — Bit-Hilani palaces, colossal Syro-Hittite sculpture and Luwian inscriptions, now cotton-buried lower town.
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Salat Tepe (Salat Cami Yanı)
Late Neolithic to Neo-Assyrian (Ubaid → Assyrian) · Halaf-Ubaid → Uruk → Karaz → Hurrian-Mitanni → Assyrian
Bismil Tigris tell (5500 BCE through Iron) with Ubaid→Assyrian 4 m graded sequence — long agrarian continuity through 5.2 and 4.2kya arid events.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient village
Tepecik-Çiftlik Höyük
Aceramic Neolithic to Late Neolithic–Early Chalcolithic · Central Anatolian (Aşıklı → Çatalhöyük related)
Major Aceramic to Chalcolithic tell (c.7500–5500 BCE) on Çiftlik Plain at Göllü Dağ obsidian source — Cappadocian Neolith obsidian factory.
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Oylum Höyük Lower Town
Chalcolithic to Medieval (4000 BCE–1400 CE) · North Syrian → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Islamic
Oylum Höyük Lower Town is the 30-ha extra-mural city wrapping the 20-m citadel on the Kilis plain.
🇹🇷 Turkey · Ancient city
Tavium (Büyükkale / Büyüknefes)
Bronze Age to Byzantine · Hattian/Hittite → Phrygian → Galatian Celtic → Roman
Galatian Trocmi capital at Büyüknefes with Hellenistic walls, Roman avenue and Bryaxis Zeus emporion.
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Kestel–Göltepe Tin Mines
Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze (c.3200–1800 BCE) · EB Anatolian → Assyrian Colony period predecessors
Oldest tin mine (Kestel, 4500 m galleries, EBA) and its processing settlement Göltepe (8 ha) in the Bolkar Taurus, excav...
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Alişar Höyük Lower Terrace
Chalcolithic to Byzantine (4000 BCE–1200 CE; peak EBA–Phrygian) · EBA → Hittite → Phrygian → Lydian → Byzantine
Central Anatolian plateau capital lower town — Hittite karum to Phrygian burn.
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Giricano Tepe South Lower Town
Early Bronze to Middle Bronze (3000–1550 BCE) · Ninevite V → Hurrian → Old Babylonian → Mittani
Giricano Tepe South Lower Town is the 4.2-ha south terrace below the main Early Bronze mound on the upper Tigris west of Ziyaret Tepe.
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Lidar Höyük Euphrates Terrace
Chalcolithic to Medieval (4300 BCE–1400 CE) · Chalcolithic → EB → MBA → Hittite → Hellenistic → Islamic
Lidar Höyük Euphrates Terrace is the 8.5-ha southern alluvial terrace below Lidar Höyük main mound on the Euphrates right bank — excavated by Hauptmann before the Atatürk reservoir rose.
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Tarsus — Gözlükule Lower Terrace
Neolithic to Ottoman (6000 BCE–1500 CE) · Neolithic → EBA → Hittite → Neo-Assyrian → Hellenistic → Roman
Cilician gateway lower town — Hittite sealings to Roman grid (Goldman 1934).