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🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
The Abdul Rahman Mosque (Pashto: د عبدالرحمان جومات; Dari: مسجد عبدالرحمان), also known as the Grand Mosque of Kabul, is a Sunni Congregational mosque, located in the central commercial area of Deh…
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
The Buddhas of Bamiyan (Pashto: د باميانو بودايي پژۍ, Dari: تندیسهای بودا در بامیان) were two monumental Buddhist reliefs in the Bamiyan Valley of Afghanistan, carved possibly around the 6th-century.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
The Haji Piyada Mosque (Dari: مسجد حاجى پياده, lit. 'Mosque of the walking pilgrim') or Noh Gonbad Mosque (Dari: مسجد نُهگنبد, lit.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
The Gawhar Shad Mausoleum, also known as the Tomb of Baysunghur, is a former Islamic burial structure located in what is now Herat, Afghanistan.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
The Great Mosque of Herat (Dari: مسجد جامع هرات, Masjid-i Jāmi’i Hirāt), is a Sunni Friday mosque, located in the city of Herat, in the Herat Province of north-western Afghanistan.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Hephthalite–Turk Shahi 7th–8th c CE late Buddhist · Hephthalite Buddhist — Central Asian late Gandhara (Fondukistan style)
Fondukistan Conical Hill Monastery — 8th c CE (c.700 CE Hackin terminus post quem 689 CE via coins) Buddhist monastery on conical hilltop at Ghorband Valley pass 50 km NW Kabul, excavated 1933–40 by…
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Late Buddhist Gandhara–Tokharistan 5th–10th c; Hun–Turk Shahi patronage · Gandhara–Sogdian Buddhist (Hindu Kush)
55 m and 38 m colossal Buddhas on Bamyan canyon (544–644 CE) — 1000 caves, oil murals, UNESCO 208.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan-Gandhara 3rd c BCE Bronze Age mining → Buddhist 3rd–7th c CE · Gandhara–Sassanian Buddhist (Kushan–Shahi)
Mes Aynak Monastery Complex — major Buddhist settlement (3rd–7th c CE, Bronze Age mines beneath) 40 km SE Kabul, world's 2nd largest copper deposit overlying 100-acre (40 ha) monastery.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan 2nd c CE (Kanishka) · Kushan imperial dynastic — Bactrian fire cult with Hellenistic architecture
Surkh Kotal Fire Temple — Kushan dynastic sanctuary (2nd c CE Kanishka period) on Surkh Kotal hill 18 km NE Puli Khumri, excavated 1952–63 by D. Schlumberger (DAFA).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Hephthalite–Hindu Shahi (600–700 CE) · Buddhist Fondukistan (Ghorband)
Fondukistan Monastery — Bamyan–Ghorband Pass in Parwan Province, Afghanistan is a Hephthalite–Hindu Shahi (600–700 CE) temple-complex attributed to Buddhist Fondukistan (Ghorband).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan (130–230 CE Kanishka) · Kushan (Kanishka)
Surkh Kotal — Baghlan Kushan Fire Temple in Baghlan Province, Afghanistan is a Kushan (130–230 CE Kanishka) temple-complex attributed to Kushan (Kanishka).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan 3rd c CE → Hepthalite 6th–7th c → Early Islamic 8th c · Kushan–Hepthalite Buddhist (Ghazni Zabul)
Tepe Sardar — Kushan–Hepthalite Buddhist monastic complex (3rd c CE–8th c CE) 3 km SE Ghazni, excavated 1956–79 IsMEO (Taddei, Verardi).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan–Gupta influenced (300–600 CE) · Bamyan Buddhist
Kakrak Stupa — Bamyan Valley Stupa in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan is a Kushan–Gupta influenced (300–600 CE) temple-complex attributed to Bamyan Buddhist.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan–Hephtalite (200–500 CE) · Kabul Buddhist (Kushan–Hephthalite transition)
Tepe Maranjan — Kabul Stupa Hill in Kabul Province, Afghanistan is a Kushan–Hephtalite (200–500 CE) temple-complex attributed to Kabul Buddhist (Kushan–Hephthalite transition).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan–Sasanian (200–600 CE) · Kushan fire temple blended Buddhist
Takht-i Rustam — Haibak Fire Temple Stupa Complex in Samangan Province, Afghanistan is a Kushan–Sasanian (200–600 CE) temple-complex attributed to Kushan fire temple blended Buddhist.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Turk Shahi 699–752 CE → Umayyad–Ghaznavid 752 CE–1000 · Late Gandharan–Turk Shahi Buddhist (Kabul school post-Gandhara)
Ghorband conical-hill fortress monastery (699–752 CE) — earliest Turk Shahi polychrome stucco linking Bamyan to Kashmir after Arabs.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Indo-Greek 2 c. BCE → Kushan 1–4 c. → Hepthalite 5–6 c. → Turk Shahis 7–8 c. · Gandharan Greco-Buddhist (Hadda stucco school)
Greco-Buddhist plain city (2 c. BCE–8 c. CE) at Hadda south of Jalalabad — 20 stupas with bearded stucco Buddhas and Bimaran gold casket.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan–Sasanian (200–600 CE) · Kushan Buddhist (Bactria)
Tapa Shotor — Haibak Stupa in Samangan Province, Afghanistan is a Kushan–Sasanian (200–600 CE) temple-complex attributed to Kushan Buddhist (Bactria).
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Hephthalite 5–6 c. → Turk Shahi 7–8 c. · Late Gandhara–Hephthalite Buddhist (Kabul school stucco)
Kabul 5–6 c. Buddhist monastery on Narenj Hill above Qol lake — stucco king-bodhisattva and 5 stupas, Turk Shahi Buddhism.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Mauryan 3 c. BCE → Kushan 1–4 c. → Hepthalite 5–6 c. → Turk Shahis 7–9 c. · Gandharan Buddhist → Kabul Shahi Buddhist with metallurgic substrate
Copper-and-Buddhist hill city 40 km SE Kabul (3 c. BCE–9 c. CE) — 400 Buddha statues and 100 ha monasteries atop world's copper shafts.
🇺🇿 Uzbekistan · Temple complex
Kushan 1st–4th c CE (Kanishka–Huvishka) · Kushan Bactria Buddhist (Gandhara–Bactrian)
AyrTam — Kushan Buddhist monastery (1st–4th c CE) 17 km east Termez on Amu Darya north bank, discovered 1932 (Stavisky frieze), excavated 1963–82 Stavisky and 1979 Kushan inscription found.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan 2nd–7th c CE (Kapisa Buddhist) · Kushan Gandhara Kapisa Buddhist
Shotorak — Kushan Buddhist monastery (2nd c CE–7th c CE) 1.5 km SE Begram (Kapisa) at Panjshir mouth, excavated 1936–39 Hackin and 2020s DAA.
🇦🇫 Afghanistan · Temple complex
Kushan 100–250 CE (Kanishka–Huvishka zenith) · Kushan–Bactrian (Yuezhi) with Greco–Bactrian substrate
Kushan dynastic fire temple (100–200 CE) on Surkh Kotal pass — 50 m terraced sanctuary with Kanishka statues and Bactrian inscription.
